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Energy & Matter Overview: Potential & Kinetic Energy, Temperature, Heat, Phases, Equilibri, Study notes of Biology

An in-depth exploration of various concepts related to energy and matter, including potential and kinetic energy, temperature scales, heat, phases of matter, phase changes, chemical equilibrium, and specific heat. It covers topics such as forms of energy, temperature, heat units, specific heat capacity, calorimetry, and the behavior of matter in different phases. Students can use this document as a valuable resource for understanding complex concepts in physics and chemistry.

Typology: Study notes

Pre 2010

Uploaded on 08/10/2009

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Energy & Matter
1. Energy
2. Temperature
3. Heat
4. Phases (states) of Matter
5. Phases Changes
6. Chemical Equilibrium
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Download Energy & Matter Overview: Potential & Kinetic Energy, Temperature, Heat, Phases, Equilibri and more Study notes Biology in PDF only on Docsity!

Energy & Matter

  1. Energy
  2. Temperature
  3. Heat
  4. Phases (states) of Matter
  5. Phases Changes
  6. Chemical Equilibrium

Energy

  1. Potential Energy- stored energy, Ep = mad
  2. Kinetic Energy- energy of motion, Ek = (mV^2 )/
  3. Forms of Energy- mechanical, heat, light, electrical, chemical

Temperature Scales

F = 1.8C + 32 K = C + 273

Scale Abs zero

Water freezes

Room temp

Body temp

Water boils F -451 32 68 98.6 212

C -273 0 20 37 100

K 0 273 293 310 373

Heat

  1. Associated with motion of particles in a substance, amount of mass of substance, & specific heat
  2. Related to mass & motion of particles, atomic vibration & electron movement
  3. Units- 1Cal = 1kcal, 1000cal = 1Cal, 1cal = 4.18J
  4. Food calories- Cal or kcal

Calorimetry

  1. Measuring energy in food or energy released or absorbed in a chem rxn

Matter Phases (States)

  1. Solid- slowly vibrating fixed particles, strong bonds; own volume & shape; ice, iron, acetamide
  2. Liquid- particles move randomly, weak bonds; definite volume, assumes shape of container; water, oils, Hg
  3. Gas- rapidly randomly moving particles; assume volume & shape of container; water vapor, H 2 , CH 4

Phase Curve, H 2 O

Chemical Equilibrium

  1. Point in reversible rxn where rate of product formation equals rate of reactant formation 2SO 2 + O 2 2SO 3
  2. Right or forward rxn- favors products
  3. Left or back rxn- favors reactants

Endothermic Equilibrium

  1. Reactant + Heat Product
  2. Adding heat favors right rxn
  3. Removing heat favors left rxn

Exothermic Equilibrium

  1. Reactant Product + Heat
  2. Adding heat favors left rxn
  3. Removing heat favors right rxn