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Material Type: Notes; Professor: Cosgrove; Class: HUMAN ANAT & PHYS II; Subject: Biological Sciences; University: Montgomery College; Term: Spring 2007;
Typology: Study notes
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Definitions - hormone, endocrinology, endocrine gland, exocrine gland up and down regulation Know the difference between positive and negative feedback systems Know the primary endocrine organs and the other organs and tissues which have endocrine functions Know the basic requirements for hormone action receptor target cell Know the classes of hormones and the categories within the classes Know how the different classes of hormones are transported in the blood Know the basic mechanism of action for both water and lipid soluble hormones including how and why Each class affects target cell Know what is meant by permissive, synergistic, and antagonistic effects of hormones Know the basic controls for secretion of hormones Understand the relationship between the hypothalamus and the pituitary gland The anatomy and the communication between the two do the same for the anterior and posterior Pituitary Know the hormones secreted by the anterior pituitary know the controlling hormones released by The hypothalamus and the main site of action and the main action of the hormones Know the same as above for each specific endocrine gland include this info for each layer in organs with several layers know the basic info for the other organs with some endocrine function know the stages of the general adaptation response and the characteristics of each including hormones involved know the link between the immune system and stress STUDY GUIDE CHAP 19 Know the functions of blood Know the components of blood Know the components of plasma Know the formed elements Know the definition of hematocrit and blood doping Define hemopoiesis and know the original cell type and the 2 major divisions from the stem cell Know the hormones involved in formation of formed elements and the origin of the hormones Know the important features of red blood cells including the physiology and the life cycle and How the different molecules are dealt with Know about erythropoiesis and the hormones involved Know the types of white blood cells Granular and agranular and which are which Know the physiology of white blood cells and define leukocytosis and leukopenia Know how the different WBCs defend against attack and what happens during bacteria attack Know the basic percent of each WBC Know the origin and formation of platelets and the hormones involved Know what the granules in platelets are used for Know what hemostasis is Know the steps in control of bleeding and how the steps are controlled Know the important molecules for the different steps Know about clot repair and retraction and the role of vitamin K in clotting Know how clotting is controlled and what a thrombus and embolus are Know about anticoagulants and thrombolytic agents Know the 2 important blood groups discussed in lecture and what the basis is Know about antibodies in the blood for blood groups and why they are important Know about hemolytic disease of the newborn and about transfusion reactions and about Which blood types can be given to which persons Know the definitions and basic causes of the disorders at the end of the chap 19 handout
Define pericardium, fibrous pericardium, serous pericardium and its parts, pericardial cavity and fluid, Pericarditis Know the 3 layers of the heart wall and which is muscle and which CT Know the chambers of the heart and the heart valves and the relation of all these Know the structures internal to the heart chambers and their basic function - trabeculae carnae, papillary Muscles, chordae tendineae, fossa ovalis, ductus arteriosus know why the heart wall thickness varies Know how the atrioventricular valves differ in operation from the semilunar valves Define rheumatic fever Know the flow of blood through the heart including the valves Know the major coronary circulation as mentioned in class Define anastomoses Know the basic operation of cardiac muscle cells, how they differ from skeletal muscle cells Know what is meant by the 2 heart networks and what features are important Know about autorhythmic cells, their functions and the intrinsic conduction system Know what is the pacemaker of the heart and what is an ectopic pacemaker Know the basic features of the action potential in cardiac muscle cells including which ions are Involved in which stage Define refractory period Define the ECG and know the basic pattern of an ECG tracing and the heart events underlying each Know about heart block, atrial and ventricular fibrillation Understand the cardiac cycle including the 3 phases and terms such as EDV, ESV, isovolumetric Relaxation and contraction Know what stroke volume is and how it relates to cardiac output Know how stroke volume and heart rate are regulated Know what is meant by preload, contractility, afterload Know what are chemoreceptors, baroreceptors, cardiovascular center, Know what hormones and ions have effects on heart rate