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Human Anatomy and Physiology: Endocrine System - BIO 202 Lecture Notes, Study notes of Communication

University of Nebraska at KearneyCommunication

Exocrine glands have ducts that carry a secretion to a body surface or an organ cavity. ... Endocrine glands release hormones into intercellular.

Typology: Study notes

2021/2022

Uploaded on 09/27/2022

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Welcome to BIO 202
Human Anatomy and Physiology
with Dr. Fernandez
Please check to make sure you are in the correct
course sections:
•Lecture (14950) MW 9:30-10:45am LS 104
•Lab (14885) MW 8:00-9:20am LS 310
OR
•Lab (14859) MW 11:00-12:20pm LS 310
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Partial preview of the text

Download Human Anatomy and Physiology: Endocrine System - BIO 202 Lecture Notes and more Study notes Communication in PDF only on Docsity!

Welcome to BIO 202

Human Anatomy and Physiology

with Dr. Fernandez

Please check to make sure you are in the correct course sections:

  • Lecture (14950) MW 9:30-10:45am LS 104
  • Lab (14885) MW 8:00-9:20am LS 310

OR

  • Lab (14859) MW 11:00-12:20pm LS 310

Endocrine System

Chapter 17

  • Mechanisms of Cell Communication
  • Endocrine vs Exocrine
  • Neuro-endocrine Relationship
  • Major Organs of the Endocrine System
  • Hormones and their Actions
  • Eicosanoids and Paracrine Signaling
  • Endocrine Disorders

Endocrine System

  • Major endocrine organs include the:
    • pineal gland
    • pituitary gland
    • thyroid gland
    • parathyroid glands
    • thymus
    • adrenal glands
    • pancreas
  • Endocrine System is composed of all of the

major endocrine glands and hormone-

secreting cells of other organs including the

brain, heart, kidneys, organs of the digestive

system, and reproductive organs.

Major Organs of the Endocrine System

  • Endocrine Glands secrete hormones into the interstitial space between cells.
  • Hormones can be carried in the bloodstream as “chemical messengers” that produce a response in target cells of another tissue or organ.
  • Target Cells respond to hormones by having a complementary receptor that matches a particular hormone.
  • A hormone may stimulate or inhibit a target cell.

Components of the Endocrine System

Communication is similar in the

Nervous System and the Endocrine System

Differences between the Nervous System and Endocrine System

  • Means of communication:
    • nervous system has both electrical and chemical methods
    • endocrine system has only chemical methods
  • Speed and persistence of response:
    • nervous system reacts quickly (1 - 10 msec) and stops quickly
    • endocrine system reacts more slowly (hormone release in seconds or days) and effect may continue for weeks
  • Adaptation to long-term stimuli:
    • nervous system adapts quickly and response declines quickly
    • endocrine system has more persistent responses
  • Area of effect:
    • nervous system effects are very specific (one cell or organ)
    • endocrine system usually has more general, widespread effects on many organs

Hypothalamus

17-

Hypothalamus

  • Hypothalamus is a funnel-shaped structure composed

of clusters of neurons in the floor and walls of third ventricle

  • these clusters of neurons in the brain are called “nuclei”
  • The hypothalamus regulates many functions carried

out by the pituitary gland including regulating:

  • body temperature, reproductive functions, growth of tissues, maintenance of tissues, stress management and other functions
  • The hypothalamus regulates the pituitary gland

through releasing hormones and release-inhibiting hormones (see next slide)

Pituitary Gland

17-

Representation of the actual size of embryos from

zygote to the eighth week of development.

http://missinglink.ucsf.edu/lm/IDS_101_embryology_basics/CoreText.htm

Embryonic Development of Pituitary