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GLAND HORMONES FUNCTIONS
Hypothalamus
Link between the endocrine and nervous systems. Maintains the body’s internal balance (homeostasis).
-Anti-diuretic Hormone (ADH)
-Corticotropin- releasing Hormone (CRH)
-Gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH)
-Growth hormone-releasing hormone (GHRH) or growth hormone-inhibiting hormone(GHIH)
-Oxytocin
-Prolactin-releasing hormone (PRH) or prolactin-inhibiting hormone (PIH)
-Thyrotropin releasing hormone (TRH)
Pituitary (Anterior)
Produces and releases hormones
Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)
Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH)
Growth hormone (GH)
Luteinizing hormone (LH)
Prolactin
Thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH)
ACTH stimulates the adrenal glands to produce hormones.
FSH works with LH to ensure normal functioning of the ovaries and testes.
GH is essential in early years to maintaining a healthy body composition and for growth in children. In adults, it aids healthy bone and muscle mass and affects fat distribution.
LH works with FSH to ensure normal functioning of the ovaries and testes.
Prolactin stimulates breast milk production.
TSH stimulates the thyroid gland to produce hormones.
Pituitary (Posterior)
Does not produce hormones per se—this is done by nerve cells in the hypothalamus— but it does release them into the
Anti-diuretic hormone (ADH)
Oxytocin
This hormone prompts the kidneys to increase water absorption in the blood.
Oxytocin is involved in a variety of processes, such as contracting the uterus during childbirth and stimulating
circulation.
Pituitary is known as master gland
breast milk production.
Pineal
Located deep in the center of the brain, the pineal gland was once known as the “third eye.”
Melatonin This simple hormone is special because its secretion is dictated by light. melatonin has two primary functions in humans—to help control your circadian rhythm and regulate certain reproductive hormones.
Thyroid
Regulates your metabolism. Controlled by Hypothalamus & Pituitary
T3 (tri-iodothyronine)
T4 (thyroxine)
Regulates metabolism
Parathyroid
Regulates the body’s calcium levels.
Parathyroid hormone (PTH) Regulates how much calcium is absorbed from your diet, how much calcium is excreted by your kidneys, and how much calcium is stored in your bones.
Adrenal
Stress
CORTEX
Hydrocortisone (cortisol)
Aldosterone
MEDULLA
Epinephrine
Norepinephrine
Stress hormone. Regulates how the body converts fats, proteins, and carbohydrates to energy. It also helps regulate blood pressure and cardiovascular function.
Regulate blood volume (blood pressure)
Adrenaline. This hormone rapidly responds to stress by increasing your heart rate and rushing blood to the muscles and brain. It also spikes your blood sugar level by helping convert glycogen to glucose in the liver. (Glycogen is the liver’s storage form of glucose.)
Works with epinephrine in responding to stress. However, it can cause vasoconstriction (the narrowing of blood vessels). This results in high blood pressure.
Thymus
Stimulates the development of disease- fighting T cells. Only active until puberty.
Thymosin Stimulates the development of T cells
- Maintaining muscle strength and mass
- Promoting healthy bone density
