Download Biology EOC Review: Key Concepts and Terms and more Exams Molecular biology in PDF only on Docsity!
BIOLOGY EOC REVIEW PACKET
Independent Variable - correct answer the variable that I change in the experiment Dependent Variable - correct answer the variable that I am measuring (it depends on the independent variable) Control Variable - correct answer variable that stay the same Controlled experiment - correct answer an experiment in which only one variable is changed at a time Hypothesis - correct answer an educated guess (If..., then...) Carbohydrates 1 - correct answer C, H, O Sugars & starches Main source of energy for living things Structural support for plants Glucose Fructose Glycogen Lipids - correct answer C, H Fatty acid & glycerol Store energy for living things Compose bi-layer in all cell membranes Leaves translucent spots on paper Steroids = chemical messengers Fats
Oils Waxes Proteins - correct answer C, H, O, N Amino Acids Regulate cell processes. Form bones & muscle. Transport substances in & out of cells. Fight off disease. (Immune System) Enzymes Nucleic Acids - correct answer C, H, O, N, P Nucleotides Stores genetic material DNA RNA What is the function of an enzyme? - correct answer Acts as a biological catalyst, speeds up the rate of a chemical reaction How do temperature and pH affect enzymes? - correct answer Most enzymes work best at body temperature, higher temps will cause the enzyme to no longer work properly Denature Why is water important to living things? - correct answer Make up a lot of living things, universal solvent (dissolves many things) Water is - correct answer POLAR (which mean it is + on one end and - on the other).
List the hierarchy of cell organization from smallest to largest below: - correct answer Organelle → Cell → Tissue → Organ → Organ System Eukaryotic: - correct answer have a nucleus, more complex, organelles Prokaryotic: - correct answer no nucleus, simple, no membrane-bound organelles Plant: - correct answer Cell wall, one large vacuole, chloroplast Animal: - correct answer Many small vacuoles, lysosomes, centrioles Both: - correct answer Nucleus, ER, golgi apparatus, cell membrane, mitochondria, semi-permeable membrane: - correct answer Membrane that allows some things to pass while others cannot In osmosis, - correct answer water moves from an area of HIGH to an area of LOW concentration. In diffusion, - correct answer molecules move from an area of HIGH to an area of LOW concentration. Passive Transport - correct answer Requires energy? NO Low to high or High to low? High to Low Examples Diffusion & osmosis
Active Transport - correct answer Requires energy? YES Low to high or High to low? Low to high Examples Exocytosis & endocytosis When does the duplication of DNA occur? - correct answer S phase during Interphase What is a cell doing during the GI and G2 periods? - correct answer G1: cell growth; G2: cell prepares to divide What happens during cytokinesis? - correct answer The cytoplasm divides If the cell cycle is controlled by enzymes, what might result if the genes that control the production of these enzymes are damaged? - correct answer The cell could not control its growth rate and would continue to divide - leads to cancer Interphase: - correct answer DNA replication Meiosis - correct answer Type of Reproduction Sexual Chromosome number of parent cell 2N=diploid Chromosome number of daughter cells 1N=haploid Number of Cell Divisions 2
Describe the process of DNA replication. - correct answer DNA is copied; DNA unzips, one strand serves as the template and creates 2 new DNA molecules DNA - correct answer Sugars Deoxyribose Bases A, T, C, G Number of Strands 2 strands Where in the Cell Nucleus Function Stores genetic info RNA - correct answer Sugars Ribose Bases A, U, C, G Number of Strands 1 stand Where in the Cell Cytoplasm Function Transports genetic info What kind of bond holds the amino acids together in the protein that is formed? - correct answer Peptide bond
Describe the process of translation and where it happens. - correct answer Make protein from RNA; in the cytoplasm of the ribosome What is a codon? - correct answer Groups of three bases that code for an amino acid Describe the process of transcription and where it happens. - correct answer Make RNA from DNA; in the nucleus What kind of weak bonds hold the two strands of DNA together? - correct answer Hydrogen bonds What are the black pentagons? What are the PO4's? (in a DNA strand) - correct answer Deoxyribose sugar; phosphate groups List 8 characteristics of living things: - correct answer Made up of cells reproduce grows & develops obtain & use energy evolves contains genetic material maintain stable internal environment responds to the environment What is homeostasis? - correct answer The ability of an organism to maintain its internal environment despite conditions in the external environment What is the formula for photosynthesis? - correct answer CO2 + H2O + Energy → C6H12O6 + O Carbon dioxide + water + sunlight → glucose + oxygen
