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EMT Midterm Exam Study Guide
Questions And Answers
1. Earliest documented emergency medical service.
ANS In 1790 the French began transporting wounded soldiers from the battlefield.
2. Who developed the first emergency medical standards?
ANS U.S. Department of Transportation
3. What is enhanced 911?
ANS Dispatchers are able to determine location of the caller.
4. Minimum level of certification to run on an ambulance crew.
ANS EMT
5. Evaluation of patient's condition is done by doing a.
ANS Patient Assess- ment
6. Who is responsible for scene safety?
ANS All crew members
7. A person who speaks on behalf of the patient.
ANS The Advocate
8. Assumes responsibility for all EMTs.
ANS The Medical Director
9. Any agent that causes disease is called a.
ANS Pathogen
10. How is Hepatitis A transmitted?
ANS Fecal-oral route
11. What part of the nervous system is responsible for the "fight or flight"
response? ANS Sympathetic Nervous System
12. Levels of EMS
ANS EMR, EMT, AEMT, Paramedic
13. When lifting a patient, a basic principle is to
ANS
ANS Know your own limitations
14. Preferred number of rescuers when using a stair chair.
ANS 3
15. Set of limitations that defines the legal actions and limitations placed on
the EMT. ANS Scope of Practice
16. Consent given by a school principal to treat a minor on behalf of the
parents. ANS In loco parentis (in place of the parent)
17. An EMT's legal and ethical obligation to provide care to a patient.
ANS Duty to Act
18. Act that governs patient confidentiality.
ANS HIPAA
19. EMTs role at a crime scene.
ANS Care of the patient
24. Lateral
ANS Outside
25. Standing erect, facing the observer, with arms down and the palms of the
hands facing forward. ANS Anatomical Position
26. Prone
ANS Face down
27. Supine
ANS Face up
28. Proximal
ANS Near to
29. Distal
ANS Away from
30. Patient is sitting straight up.
ANS Fowler's position
31. Shock is also called.
ANS Hypoperfusion
32. The two areas of the spine most easily injured.
ANS Cervical and Lumbar
33. Arteries always carry blood from the heart.
ANS away
34. Veins always care blood the heart.
ANS towards
35. The clotting components of blood.
ANS Platelets
36. The arteries the feed blood to the heart.
ANS Coronary arteries
37. The pressure created by the contraction of the left ventricle
ANS Systolic
38. The pressure remaining in the arteries when the left ventricle relaxes.
ANS -
Diastolic
39. The system of the body that produces chemicals and hormones that
regulate most of the body's activities and functions. ANS Endocrine System
40. Main function of the liver.
ANS Detoxifies harmful substances, stores sugar, and assists in the production of blood products.
41. The most muscular and strongest part of the heart.
ANS Left Ventricle
42. Primary organs of the renal system.
ANS Kidneys
43. Carries deoxygenated blood to the lungs.
ANS Pulmonary artery
44. Carries oxygenated blood from the lungs to the heart.
ANS Pulmonary veins
49. When glucose and other nutrients are converted into energy.
ANS Cellular Respiration
50. The byproducts of anaerobic respiration.
ANS Lactic acid and carbon dioxide
51. The byproduct of cellular respiration that is removed from the blood and
released through exhalation. ANS Carbon dioxide
52. The main control center of respiratory control.
ANS Medulla Oblongata
53. Pathway of air from the nose to the alveoli.
ANS nose, nasopharynx, pharynx, hypopharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchi, lungs, alveoli.
54. A condition that is caused by a decreased number of red blood cells.
ANS -
Anemia
55. Respiratory drive is triggered by changes in levels of.
ANS Carbon dioxide
56. Birth to one year.
ANS Infancy
57. A reflex in an newborn where it throws its arms out when started.
ANS Moro reflex
58. Age group most concerned with body image
ANS Adolescence
59. High-pitched upper airway obstruction.
ANS Stridor
60. How to open the airway when a spinal injury is suspected.
ANS Jaw-thrust maneuver
61. How to insert an oropharyngeal airway.
ANS Insert towards the roof of the mouth, then rotate it 180 degrees.
62. Normal vital signs for a 4-year old.
ANS heart rate 80-130, respiratory rate 20-30, systolic pressure 70-100.
63. Signs of hypoxia
ANS Blue or gray skin, decreased LOC, confusion, restlessness.
64. Normal respiration rate for an adult.
ANS 12 to 20 per minute
65. Normal oxygen concentration via a non-rebreather mask.
ANS 15 liters per minute
66. When to replace an oxygen tank.
ANS 200L
67. AVPU
ANS Alert, Verbal, Pain, Unconscious
68. Place to check a pulse on a responsive adult patient.
ANS Radial
69. Place to check a pulse on an infant.
ANS Brachial
72. Normal adult blood pressure
ANS 120/
73. How often should you re-assess vital signs on an unstable patient?
ANS Every 5 minutes
74. How often should you re-assess vital signs on a stable patient?
ANS Every 15 minutes
75. Contraindication
ANS A reason why you should not give a medication.
76. Medications an EMT can administer.
ANS Aspirin, oral glucose, oxygen, pre- scribed inhalers, nitroglycerin, epinephrine auto-injectors.
77. Function of aspirin
ANS Reduces the blood's ability to clot and reduces pain.
78. Why do you give nitroglycerin?
ANS It is given for angina pectoris.
79. How does an epipen work?
ANS Anaphylaxis causes vasodilation and low blood pressure. Epinephrine causes vasoconstriction that counteracts the effect.
80. What is the most important drug an EMT can give to a patient with signs
and symptoms of miocardial infarction. ANS Oxygen
81. What are the two shockable rhythms.
ANS V-fib, V-tach
82. Low blood sugar
ANS Hypoglycemia
83. High blood sugar
ANS Hyperglycemia
84. What is a febrile seizure?
ANS A seizure brought on in infants and young children caused by high fever.
85. Most common signs and symptoms of anaphylaxis.
ANS Respiratory difficul- ties, low blood pressure
86. Most common sound when ausclutating someone with anaphylaxis.
ANS -
Wheezing
87. Highest risk of accidental poisoning
ANS Toddlers
88. Signs and symptoms of carbon monoxide poisoning.
ANS flu-like symptoms, nausea, vomiting, altered LOC, headache, dizziness.
89. What does activated charcoal do?
ANS It is an adsorbent that binds poisons to its surface, thus reducing the amount that gets absorbed into the bloodstream. It should not be used with strong acids or alkalis, lithium or iron tablets. It does not work on all poisons, and has no effect on alcohol poisoning.
90. What effect does alcohol have on the CNS?
ANS It acts as a depressant.
91. What are barbiturates?
92. OxyContin, percocet, and lortab are examples of.
ANS Narcotics used for pain control
93. Best treatment that an EMT can give for inhaled poisons.
ANS High-flow oxy- gen
94. Effects of Delirium tremens.
ANS Occurs when someone has been using alcohol for some time, then stops using it suddenly. Signs and symptoms include altered LOC, hallucinations, unusual behavior, and seizure activity.
95. How to do CPR on an adult.
ANS 30 compressions and 2 breaths.
