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EMT CHAPTER 6: THE HUMAN BODY
- MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS
WITH ANSWERS
The part of the brain that controls the left side of the body is the: A. Left-side cerebrum B. Left parietal lobe C. Right-side cerebrum D. Right temporal lobe - answer-C. Right-side cerebrum Activities such as walking, talking, and writing are regulated by the: A. Central nervous system B. Autonomic nervous system C. Involuntary nervous system D. Somatic nervous system - answer-D. somatic nervous system Key hormones of the sympathetic nervous system include: A. Acetylcholine and insulin B. Norepinephrine and acetylcholine C. Glucagon and noradrenaline D. Epinephrine and norepinephrine - answer-D epinephrine and norepinephrine The elbow is an example of a ______ joint A. Hinge B. Gliding
C. Ball-and-socket D. Saddle - answer-A. Hinge The artery that can be palpated on the anterior surface of the foot is the: A. Anterior tibial B. Posterior tibial C. Dorsalis pedis D. Ventral pedis - answer-C. dorsalis pedis The large, flat, triangular bone that overlies the posterior thoracic wall is called the: A. Clavicle B. Scapula C. Acromion D. Glenoid - answer-B. Scapula Breathing occurs as the result of a(n): A. Increase in oxygen, which decreases the pH of the cerebrospinal fluid B. Decrease in carbon dioxide, which increases the pH of the cerebrospinal fluid C. Decrease in oxygen, which increases the pH of the cerebrospinal fluid D. Increase in carbon dioxide, which decreases the pH of the cerebrospinal fluid - answer-D. increase in carbon dioxide, which decreases the pH of the cerebrospinal fluid Both areas of the pons are used to: A. Ensure that the lungs do not overinflate during breathing B. Augment respirations during emotional or physical stress
C. Purkinje fibers D. Atrioventricular node - answer-A. sinoatrial node The body's backup system of respiratory control, which is based on low concentrations of oxygen in the blood is called the: A. Hypocarbic drive B. Hypoxic drive C. Pneumotaxic drive D. Oxyhemoglobin drive - answer-B. Hypoxic drive Which part of the central nervous system is responsible for coordinating bodily movements such as writing or sewing? Select one: A. Cerebellum B. Brain stem C. Hypothalamus D. Cerebrum - answer-A. Cerebellum Which of the following is NOT a function of the skin? A. Pressure and pain perception B. Sensory reception C. Metabolic coordination D. Temperature regulation - answer-C. Metabolic coordination The central nervous system is composed of the: A. spinal cord and sensory nerves. B. brain and spinal cord.
C. motor and sensory nerves. D. brain and sensory nerves. - answer-B. Brain and spinal cord Bile is produced by the liver and concentrated and stored in the: A. stomach. B. kidneys. C. gallbladder. D. pancreas. - answer-C gallbladder What is the function of the fallopian tubes? A. To connect the ovaries B. To transport a mature egg to the uterus C. To supply blood to the uterine lining D. To produce progesterone and estrogen - answer-B. To transport a mature egg to the uterus Large amounts of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) are generated when: A. the cells function with adequate oxygen. B. the cells function without oxygen. C. carbon dioxide levels in the blood are high. D. circulating blood glucose levels fall. - answer-A. the cells function with adequate oxygen A patient has a large accumulation of blood in the sac surrounding the heart. Which type of shock would this condition cause? A. Hypovolemic
B. renal duct. C. urethra. D. prostate. - answer-A. ureters The waste products of aerobic metabolism include: A. glucose and lactic acid. B. carbon dioxide and water. C. ATP and glucose. D. uric acid and nitrogen. - answer-B. carbon dioxide and water What happens when blood volume is lost from the body? A. The arteries contract to increase the blood pressure. B. The veins dilate to increase systemic perfusion. C. Arterial blood is diverted to the skin and muscles. D. Widespread vasodilation causes blood pressure to decrease. - answer-A. The arteries contract to increase the blood pressure Pathophysiology is the study of the functional changes that occur when the body reacts to a particular: A. assessment. B. disease. C. protocol. D. medication. - answer-B. disease A by-product of involuntary muscle contraction and relaxation is: A. oxygen.
B. lactic acid. C. heat. D. nitrogen. - answer-C. heat Which organ lies in the lateral and posterior portion of the left upper quadrant of the abdomen? A. Cecum B. Spleen C. Liver D. Stomach - answer-B. Spleen The ____________ is a muscular dome that forms the inferior boundary of the thorax, separating the thorax from the abdomen. A. diaphragm B. mediastinum C. costal arch D. costovertebral angle - answer-A. diaphragm If a patient's chest barely moves during inhalation, even if the patient's respiratory rate is normal, you should suspect that: A. minute volume is decreased. B. expiratory reserve volume is decreased. C. overall tidal volume is increased. D. inspiratory reserve is increased. - answer-A. minute volume is decreased The brain connects to the spinal cord through a large opening at the base of the skull called the:
The air you breathe is _______ oxygen, and the air you exhale is _______ oxygen.
- answer-21% and 16% The ___________ plane separates the body into left and right halves. - answer- midsagittal The cervical spine is composed of ___________ vertebrae. - answer-seven Which of the following is NOT a facial bone? A. Mastoid B. Maxilla C. Mandible D. Zygoma - answer-A. Mastoid A person's bones will become brittle if he or she is deficient in: - answer-calcium Skeletal muscle is also called: - answer-voluntary muscle The firm cartilaginous ring that forms the inferior portion of the larynx is called the: - answer-cricoid cartilage An increase in heart rate and contractility occurs due to stimulation of: A beta-1 receptors. B beta-2 receptors. C alpha-1 receptors. D alpha-2 receptors. - answer-A beta 1 receptors White blood cells, which are also called leukocytes, function by: A producing the body's erythrocytes. B producing blood-clotting factors. C protecting the body from infection.
D carrying oxygen and other nutrients. - answer-C. protecting the body from infection Which of the following skin layers contains sweat and oil glands, hair follicles, blood vessels, and nerve endings? A dermis B epidermis C sebaceous D subcutaneous - answer-A dermis The kidneys and pancreas are called retroperitoneal organs because they: A are protected by the anterior rib cage. B are located behind the abdominal cavity. C sit in front of the liver, spleen, and stomach. D lie just anterior to the costovertebral angle. - answer-B are located behind the abdominal cavity Abnormalities in metabolism are MOST likely to be caused by dysfunction of the: A pancreas. B thyroid gland. C adrenal gland. D parathyroid gland. - answer-B thyroid gland Which of the following statements regarding the kidneys is correct? A The kidneys eliminate toxic waste products from the body and control the body's fluid balance.
How many bones comprise the human skeleton? - answer- What are the two main portions of the skeletal system? - answer-axial skeleton and appendicular skeleton How many bones comprise the face? - answer- The thoracic spine is composed of ___________ (quantity) vertebrae. - answer- The lumbar spine is composed of ___________ (quantity) vertebrae. - answer- The fused vertebrae that are inferior to the lumbar spine is the _____________. - answer-Sacrum The sacrum is composed of ___________ (quantity) vertebrae fused together. - answer- The coccyx is composed of ___________ (quantity) vertebrae fused together. - answer- During shock states cells often receive less oxygen. This is referred to as: A. aerobic metabolism. B. edema development. C. lactic acid production. D. hypoperfusion. - answer-D. hypoperfusion The term "pathophysiology" means what? A. The effects of cancer on the body B. The study of the pathway of normal metabolism in the body C. Changes in normal physiology due to disease or injury D. The effect of normal metabolic activity on maintaining the body's systems - answer-C. Changes in normal physiology due to disease or injury Cardiac output is composed of: A. blood pressure. B. stroke volume and heart rate. C. systemic vascular resistance (SVR) and heart rate.
D. blood pressure and heart rate - answer-B. stroke volume and heart rate. Cardiac output (CO) is affected by: Select one: A. blood pressure. B. heart rate only. C. stroke volume and heart rate. D. stroke volume only. - answer-C. stroke volume and heart rate. Which of the following statements regarding agonal respirations is correct? Select one: A. Agonal respirations are ineffective and need to be assisted. B. Agonal respirations typically occur before the heart stops. C. Agonal respirations result in excessive tidal volume. D. Agonal respirations are characterized by fast, irregular breaths. - answer-A. Agonal respirations are ineffective and need to be assisted. The pelvic bones are formed by the fusion of the: Select one: A. sacrum and ischium. B. pubis and acetabulum. C. ilium, pubis, and sacrum. D. ilium, ischium, and pubis. - answer-D. ilium, ischium, and pubis. The electrical impulse of the heart normally begins at the: Select one: A. bundle of His. B. sinoatrial node. C. atrioventricular node. D. Purkinje fibers. - answer-B. sinoatrial node.
The most superior section of the sternum is called the: Select one: A. costal arch. B. angle of Louis. C. manubrium. D. xiphoid process. - answer-C. manubrium. Contraction of the right ventricle causes: Select one: A. a return of blood from the pulmonary veins. B. ejection of blood into the systemic circulation. C. closure of the mitral and aortic valves. D. blood to flow into the pulmonary circulation. - answer-D. blood to flow into the pulmonary circulation. During each heartbeat, ___________ of blood is ejected from the adult heart, an amount called the stroke volume. Select one: A. 40 to 50 mL B. 90 to 100 mL C. 70 to 80 mL D. 100 to 120 mL - answer-C. 70 to 80 mL The exocrine gland of the pancreas secretes: Select one: A. insulin. B. pancreatic juice. C. glucose. D. bile. - answer-B. pancreatic juice.
The major artery that supplies all other arteries with blood is the: Select one: A. brachial. B. carotid. C. aorta. D. femoral. - answer-C. aorta. Which of the following statements regarding the heart is correct? Select one: A. The heart can tolerate an interruption of oxygen for 5 minutes. B. The heart is under the control of the autonomic nervous system. C. The heart relies on an external electrical source to function correctly. D. The heart receives its blood supply from the pulmonary arteries. - answer-B. The heart is under the control of the autonomic nervous system. The smooth muscles that cause the artery to contract are found in the: Select one: A. tunica intima. B. lumen. C. tunica adventitia. D. tunica media. - answer-D. tunica media. In an otherwise healthy adult, blood loss would cause: Select one: A. vascular dilation and tachycardia. B. vascular constriction and bradycardia. C. vascular constriction and tachycardia. D. vascular dilation and bradycardia. - answer-C. vascular constriction and tachycardia.
Select one: A. Ascending aorta B. Spleen C. Kidneys D. Gallbladder - answer-C. Kidneys The axial skeleton is composed of the: Select one: A. skull, face, thorax, and vertebral column. B. lower part of the torso and the legs. C. arms, legs, and pelvis. D. bones that constitute the pelvic girdle. - answer-A. skull, face, thorax, and vertebral column. The primary function of the right atrium is to: Select one: A. pump blood to the pulmonary artery. B. pump blood to the lungs for reoxygenation. C. receive blood from the vena cava. D. receive blood from the pulmonary veins. - answer-C. receive blood from the vena cava. Which of the following statements regarding plasma is correct? Select one: A. Plasma transports the blood cells and nutrients. B. Most of the body's plasma is contained within the large veins. C. Plasma has no role in the body's blood-clotting mechanism. D. Approximately 45% of the blood is composed of plasma. - answer-A. Plasma transports the blood cells and nutrients.
The bones of the forearm are called the: Select one: A. radius and ulna. B. humerus and ulna. C. radius and humerus. D. tibia and radius. - answer-A. radius and ulna. Worn-out blood cells, foreign substances, and bacteria are filtered from the blood by the: Select one: A. liver. B. spleen. C. pancreas. D. kidney. - answer-B. spleen. The diaphragm and intercostal muscles contract during: Select one: A. ventilation. B. inhalation. C. exhalation. D. respiration. - answer-B. inhalation. The ___________ portion of the spinal column is joined to the iliac bones of the pelvis. Select one: A. thoracic B. lumbar C. coccyx D. sacrum - answer-D. sacrum
