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A by-product of involuntary muscle contraction and relaxation is: Select one: a. heat. b. lactic acid. c. nitrogen. d. oxygen. - ✔✔heat A patient has a blood pressure of 130/70 mm Hg. The "130" in this measurement represents: Select one: a. ventricular relaxation. b. atrial contraction. c. ventricular filling. d. ventricular contraction. - ✔✔ventricular contraction Bile is produced by the liver and concentrated and stored in the: - ✔✔gallbladder If a patient's chest barely moves during inhalation, even if the patient's respiratory rate is normal, you should suspect that: Select one: a. minute volume is decreased. b. overall tidal volume is increased. c. expiratory reserve volume is decreased. d. inspiratory reserve is increased. - ✔✔minute volume is decreased Large amounts of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) are generated when: Select one:
a. the cells function with adequate oxygen. b. the cells function without oxygen. c. circulating blood glucose levels fall. d. carbon dioxide levels in the blood are high. - ✔✔the cells function with adequate oxygen The brain connects to the spinal cord through a large opening at the base of the skull called the: Select one: a. spinous foramen. b. vertebral foramen. c. foramen magnum. d. foramen ovale. - ✔✔foramen magnum The central nervous system is composed of the: Select one: a. motor and sensory nerves. b. brain and spinal cord. c. brain and sensory nerves. d. spinal cord and sensory nerves. - ✔✔brain and spinal cord The waste products of aerobic metabolism include: Select one: a. carbon dioxide and water b. glucose and lactic acid. c. ATP and glucose. d. uric acid and nitrogen - ✔✔carbon dioxide and water The _______________ is a muscular dome that forms the inferior boundary of the thorax, separating the thorax from the abdomen. Select one:
a. It circulates oxygen, nutrients and hormones to the cells. b. Its vessels closely parallel the major arteries in the body. c. It relies on muscle movement to circulate lymph. d. It circulates waste products of metabolism away from cells - ✔✔Its vessels closely parallel the major arteries in the body Which of the following structures does NOT contain smooth muscle? Select one: a. Skeletal system b. Urinary system c. Gastrointestinal tract d. Blood vessels - ✔✔Skeletal system Which of the following systems is responsible for releasing hormones that regulate body activities? Select one: a. Nervous b. Skeletal c. Reproductive d. Endocrine - ✔✔Endocrine According to the terminal drop hypothesis: Select one: a. most late-stage adults retain high brain function until 1 month before death. b. a person's physical health begins to decline after the age of 75 years. c. most elderly patients experience depression after the death of a loved one. d. mental function is presumed to decline in the 5 years preceding death. - ✔✔mental function is presumed to decline in the 5 years preceding death. Age-related changes in the renal system result in:
Select one: a. dilation of the blood vessels that supply the nephrons, which allows the kidneys to maintain their function. b. the formation of large amounts of urine secondary to an increase in kidney mass of up to 20%. c. a decreased ability to clear wastes from the body and a decreased ability to conserve fluids when needed. d. a significant increase in filtration, which causes the excretion of large amounts of water from the body.
- ✔✔a decreased ability to clear wastes from the body and a decreased ability to conserve fluids when needed. Children of which age group are considered toddlers? - ✔✔ 1 - 3 years Factors that contribute to a decline in the vital capacity of an elderly patient include all of the following, EXCEPT: Select one: a. a loss of respiratory muscle mass. b. decreased residual volume. c. increased stiffness of the thoracic cage. d. increased surface area available for air exchange - ✔✔increased surface area available for air exchange. In late adults, the amount of air left in the lungs after expiration of the maximum amount of air: Select one: a. decreases, resulting in widespread collapsing of the alveoli and impaired diffusion of gases. b. decreases, which increases diffusion in the lungs and causes an accumulation of carbon dioxide. c. remains unchanged because the lungs have become accustomed to years of breathing pollution. d. increases, which hampers diffusion of gases because of the stagnant air that remains in the alveoli. - ✔✔increases, which hampers diffusion of gases because of the stagnant air that remains in the alveoli The anterior fontanelle fuses together between the ages of: Select one:
Select one: a. will readily allow you to separate her from her mother. b. has bulging fontanelles secondary to severe dehydration. c. responds to her name but is fearful of your presence. d. is unable to track your movements with her eyes. - ✔✔responds to her name but is fearful of your presence. An 81-year-old female fell and struck her head. You find the patient lying on her left side. She is conscious and complains of neck and upper back pain. As you are assessing her, you note that she has a severely kyphotic spine. What is the MOST appropriate method of immobilizing this patient?Select one: a. Leave her on her side and use blanket rolls to immobilize her to the long backboard. b. Move her to a supine position and immobilize her with a scoop stretcher and padding. c. Apply a cervical collar and place her in a sitting position on the wheeled stretcher. d. Immobilize her in a supine position on a long backboard and secure her with straps. - ✔✔Leave her on her side and use blanket rolls to immobilize her to the long backboard. An unrestrained patient is sitting in his car after an automobile crash. He is conscious and alert, has no visible trauma, and is complaining of neck and back pain. Before removing him from his car, you should: Select one: a. slide a scoop stretcher under his buttocks and rotate him laterally. b. apply a cervical collar and immobilize him with a vest-style device. c. perform a detailed head-to-toe assessment and apply a cervical collar. d. maintain manual stabilization of his head and grasp him by the clothes. - ✔✔Apply a cervical collar and immobilize him with a vest-style device In most instances, you should move a patient on a wheeled ambulance stretcher by: Select one: a. retracting the undercarriage and carrying the stretcher to the ambulance. b. pushing the foot of the stretcher while your partner guides the head. c. slightly lifting the stretcher to prevent unnecessary patient movement.
d. pushing the head of the stretcher while your partner guides the foot - ✔✔pushing the head of the stretcher while your partner guides the foot You should not attempt to lift a patient who weighs more than 250lbs with fewer than _______________ rescuers, regardless of individual strength. - ✔✔four Situations in which you should use the rapid extrication technique include all of the following, EXCEPT: Select one: a. a patient who can be properly assessed while still in the vehicle. b. a patient who blocks access to another seriously injured patient. c. a patient whose condition requires immediate transport to the hospital. d. a patient who needs immediate care that requires a supine position. - ✔✔a patient who can be properly assessed while still in the vehicle The extremity lift would NOT be appropriate to use on a patient: Select one: a. without a spinal injury. b. with a deformed humerus. c. with forearm lacerations. d. who complains of nausea. - ✔✔with a deformed humerus When carrying a patient up or down stairs, you should avoid: Select one: a. using a wheeled stretcher whenever possible. b. the use of a long backboard or scoop stretcher. c. flexing your body at the knees. d. the use of more than two EMTs. - ✔✔using a wheeled stretcher whenever possible When performing the rapid extrication technique to remove a patient from his or her vehicle, you should:
b. Gentle palpation of the pelvis c. Rapid head-to-toe exam d. Treating her for possible shock - ✔✔Gentle palpation of the pelvis As time progresses following a significant injury: Select one: a. most patients will die secondary to internal bleeding. b. the patient's injuries will most likely be irreparable. c. the patient's blood pressure elevates significantly. d. the body's ability to compensate for shock decreases. - ✔✔the body's ability to compensate for shock decreases. As you assess the head of a patient with a suspected spinal injury, your partner should: Select one: a. maintain stabilization of the head. b. prepare the immobilization equipment. c. look in the ears for gross bleeding. d. assess the rest of the body for bleeding. - ✔✔maintain stabilization of the head In which of the following situations is a pertinent negative identified? Select one: a. A 59-year-old man complains of crushing chest pain but denies shortness of breath. b. A 56-year-old woman states that her chest hurts when she takes a deep breath. c. A 50-year-old woman states that nothing makes her chest pain better or worse. d. A 53-year-old man with dizziness also tells you that he has vomited three times. - ✔✔A 59-year-old man complains of crushing chest pain but denies shortness of breath. Pain that moves from its point of origin to another body location is said to be: Select one:
a. palliating. b. provoking. c. radiating. d. referred. - ✔✔radiating. When performing a rapid exam on a supine patient, what part of the body is typically assessed last? Select one: a. Posterior b. Anterior chest c. Extremities d. Abdomen - ✔✔Posterior Which of the following assessments would be the MOST useful in determining the possible cause of a patient's altered mental status? Select one: a. Capillary refill time b. Blood pressure c. Blood glucose level d. Respiratory rate - ✔✔Blood glucose level Which of the following questions would you ask a patient to ascertain the "M" in the SAMPLE history? Select one: a. "How long have you had your chest pain?" b. "How much Tylenol do you take each day?" c. "Have you ever had any major surgeries?" d. "When was the last time you ate a meal?" - ✔✔"How much Tylenol do you take each day?" Which of the following situations or conditions warrants immediate transport? Select one:
Select one: a. at a normal rate. b. with shallow depth. c. without assistance. d. without difficulty. - ✔✔without assistance After performing a head tilt-chin lift maneuver to open the airway of an unresponsive patient who has a pulse, you should: Select one: a. place him or her in the recovery position. b. suction as needed and insert an airway adjunct. c. provide positive-pressure ventilatory assistance. d. assess respiratory rate, depth, and regularity. - ✔✔suction as needed and insert an airway adjunct. An adult patient who is NOT experiencing difficulty breathing will: Select one: a. exhibit an indentation above the clavicles and in between the ribs. b. be able to speak in complete sentences without unusual pauses. c. assume a position that will facilitate effective and easy breathing. d. have a respiratory rate that is between 20 and 24 breaths/min. - ✔✔be able to speak in complete sentences without unusual pauses. If a patient develops difficulty breathing after your primary assessment, you should immediately: Select one: a. determine his or her respiratory rate. b. reevaluate his or her airway status. c. auscultate his or her breath sounds. d. begin assisting his or her breathing. - ✔✔reevaluate his or her airway status.
Normal respiratory rates should not exceed ________________ breaths per minute in toddlers and ________________ breaths per minute in infants. Select one: a. 18, b. 30, c. 40, d. 20,30 - ✔✔40, Upon arriving at a potentially unsafe scene, you should: Select one: a. remove all bystanders. b. ensure that you are safe. c. move the patient to safety. d. request another ambulance. - ✔✔ensure that you are safe. When a patient's respirations are shallow: Select one: a. chest rise will be easily noticeable. b. carbon dioxide elimination is increased. c. oxygenation occurs more efficiently. d. tidal volume is markedly reduced. - ✔✔tidal volume is markedly reduced. When you inspect a patient's pupils with a penlight, the pupils should normally react to the light by: Select one: a. fluttering. b. constricting. c. enlarging. d. dilating. - ✔✔constricting.
You are dispatched to the county jail for an inmate who is "sick." When you arrive, you find the patient, a 33 - year-old male, unresponsive. His airway is patent and his respirations are rapid and shallow. Your initial action should be to: Select one: a. request a paramedic unit. b. provide assisted ventilation. c. assess his blood pressure. d. apply a pulse oximeter. - ✔✔provide assisted ventilation. A patient is sitting in a chair, leaning forward on his outstretched arms. His head and chin are thrust forward. This position indicates that he: Select one: a. has a decreased level of consciousness. b. is experiencing difficulty breathing. c. has abdominal muscle spasms. d. is experiencing severe back pain. - ✔✔is experiencing difficulty breathing. A patient with profuse sweating is referred to as being: Select one: a. flushed. b. edematous. c. diaphoretic. d. plethoric - ✔✔diaphoretic. A pulse with a consistent pattern is considered to be: Select one: a. strong. b. weak. c. regular.
d. irregular. - ✔✔regular In the adult, bradycardia is defined as a pulse rate less than _______________ beats/min, and tachycardia is defined as a heart rate greater than _______________ beats/min. Select one: a. 30, 130 b. 40, 120 c. 50, 110 d. 60, 100 - ✔✔60, 100 For an adult, the normal resting pulse should be between: Select one: a. 60 and 100 beats/min. b. 50 and 70 beats/min. c. 50 and 60 beats/min. d. 70 and 110 beats/min. - ✔✔60 and 100 beats/min. If you cannot palpate a pulse in an unresponsive patient whose collapse was not witnessed, you should: Select one: a. palpate at another pulse site. b. immediately begin CPR. c. apply an AED at once. d. assess for adequate breathing. - ✔✔immediately begin CPR. In responsive patients who are older than 1 year of age, you should palpate the pulse at the artery. Select one: a. carotid b. radial c. femoral
d. count the number of pulsations in 15 seconds and multiply by four. - ✔✔count the pulse rate for a full minute to obtain an accurate reading. When palpating the carotid pulse of a responsive patient, you should: Select one: a. avoid compressing both carotid arteries simultaneously. b. firmly compress the artery because the pulse is often weak. c. avoid gentle pressure so that weak pulses can be detected. d. ensure that his or her head is in a hyperextended position. - ✔✔avoid compressing both carotid arteries simultaneously. Which of the following factors would MOST likely cause a patient's pulse rate to be slower than normal? Select one: a. Beta-blocker medications b. Lack of a regular exercise routine c. Internal bleeding from trauma d. Anxiety or severe stress - ✔✔Beta-blocker medications With regard to the assessment of a patient's cardiovascular status, capillary refill time is MOST reliable in: Select one: a. patients who are significantly hypotensive. b. patients who are younger than 6 years of age. c. patients who are older than 70 years of age. d. patients who were exposed to cold temperatures. - ✔✔patients who are younger than 6 years of age. You respond to the residence of a 62-year-old male who is unresponsive. Your primary assessment reveals that he is apneic and pulseless. You should: Select one: a. ask the family if the patient has a terminal disease.
b. start CPR and attach the AED as soon as possible. c. perform CPR and transport the patient immediately. d. notify dispatch and request a paramedic ambulance. - ✔✔start CPR and attach the AED as soon as possible. A blood pressure cuff that is too small for a patient's arm will give a: Select one: a. falsely low systolic and diastolic reading. b. falsely high systolic but low diastolic reading. c. falsely low systolic but high diastolic reading. d. falsely high systolic and diastolic reading. - ✔✔falsely high systolic and diastolic reading. A decrease in blood pressure may indicate: Select one: a. increased blood volume. b. arterial constriction. c. forceful cardiac contraction. d. loss of vascular tone. - ✔✔loss of vascular tone. A properly sized blood pressure cuff should cover: Select one: a. two thirds the length from the armpit to the crease at the elbow. b. one third the length from the armpit to the crease at the elbow. c. one half the length between the armpit and the crease at the elbow. d. the entire upper arm between the armpit and the crease at the elbow. - ✔✔two thirds the length from the armpit to the crease at the elbow. Jugular venous distention suggests a problem with blood returning to the heart if the patient is: Select one:
