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A comprehensive set of questions and answers for ems 101 exam 1, covering key concepts in emergency medical response. It includes topics such as legal responsibilities, standard precautions, airway management, and communication protocols. A valuable resource for students preparing for their ems 101 exam.
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EMR - ANSWERThe first medically trained person to the scene Duty to Act - ANSWERAn EMS legal responsibility to respond promptly to an emergency scene and provide medical care which department sets standards for EMR - ANSWERThe DOT national education standards for EMR's. Ten Standard Components of an EMS System - ANSWERRegulation and policy • Resource management • Human resources and training • Transportation equipment and systems • Medical and support facilities • Communications system Public information and education • Medical direction • Trauma system and development • Evaluation First thing to do when on scene - ANSWER#1 is always to survey the scene for life safety threats Radio Repeater - ANSWERRadio system that automatically retransmits a radio signal on a different frequency Pathogens How are they transmitted? - ANSWERMicroorganisms that are capable of causing disease/Contact with infected blood - Contact with airborne droplets - Direct contact with infectious agents expressed consent - ANSWERPermission for treatment given to an EMR by a patient Implied Consent - ANSWERWhen a patient is unconscious or when a serious threat to life exists (assumed consent) In 1966, Accidental Death and Disability: The Neglected Disease of Modern Society was published. - ANSWERIn early 1970s, the US Department of Transportation developed a national standard curriculum for training EMS providers. Five stages of reaction to death and dying - ANSWERDenial, Anger, Bargaining, Depression and Acceptance (CISD) - ANSWERCritical Incident Stress Debriefing :Conducted within 24-72 hours after incident by trained peers and mental health professionals HIV transmitted - ANSWERis transmitted by contact with infected blood, semen, or vaginal secretions. • Urine, nasal secretions or sputum only if they have blood in them Wear gloves.
Hepatitis B trans - ANSWERspread by direct contact with infected blood, but it is far more contagious than HIV. Tuberculosis (TB) - ANSWERWear a mask or a high-efficiency particulate air (HEPA) respirator and apply oxygen to the pt. is spread by droplets from the respiratory system. Standard precautions Infectious Diseases - ANSWERAssume that all patients are potentially infected with bloodborne pathogens. - Using standard precautions is the most effective way of preventing exposure. Standard precautions equipment - ANSWERAlways wear approved gloves, and change gloves after contact with each patient. Wear a protective mask, eyewear, or a face shield when you anticipate blood. Hazardous materials - ANSWERFederal regulations require transport vehicles to be marked with placards stop uphill and upwind and use binoculars to observe the scene Unstable objects - ANSWERCheck vehicle stability before entering the vehicle. Undeployed air bags are hazards. - Fires and explosions can result in unstable buildings. Standard of Care - ANSWERThe standard of care is the manner in which you must act or behave. You must treat the patient to the best of your ability. - You must provide care that a reasonable, prudent person with similar training would provide under similar circumstances. Scope of Care - ANSWERAn outline of what the EMR is allowed to do - The US Department of Transportation, Emergency Medical Responder Educational Standards - Medical protocols or standing orders written by the EMS System Medical Director - Online medical direction Ethics - ANSWERTreating a patient ethically means doing so in a manner that conforms to accepted professional standards of conduct. Consent for minors - ANSWERUnder the law, minors are not considered capable of speaking for themselves. dont treat unless the child has critical injuries. - If permission cannot be quickly obtained, do not hesitate to give appropriate medical care. Communications systems can be divided into two categories: - ANSWERThose that transmit voice communications - Those that transmit data Communications With Patients - ANSWERIntroduce yourself by name and title. • Ask the patient's name and use it (surname). • Make and keep eye contact. • Use language the patient can understand. • Speak slowly, clearly, and distinctly.
The Respiratory System - ANSWEROxygen and carbon dioxide are exchanged in alveoli and tissue. The rate of breathing increases when carbon dioxide levels rise. Flow of blood - ANSWERBlood picks up oxygen in the lungs and goes to the right atrium in the heart. - The heart pumps it to the rest of the body. - The cells absorb oxygen and nutrients from the blood and release waste products. - Blood carries the waste back to the lungs and kidneys. - In the alveoli, the blood exchanges the carbon dioxide for more oxygen. pulse - ANSWERA pulse is felt when a wave of pressure is created by the heart as it forces blood into the arteries. Components of Blood - ANSWERPlasma - liquid portion - Red blood cells - carry oxygen - White blood cells - fight infection - Platelets - allow blood to clot The spine - ANSWERCervical spine (neck) • Thoracic spine (upper back) • Lumbar spine (lower back) • Sacrum (base of spine) • Coccyx (tailbone) The sternum - ANSWERis located in the front of the chest. - The xiphoid process is the pointed structure found at the bottom of the sternum. Muscle types - ANSWERSmooth muscles carry out automatic functions. - Also called involuntary muscles - Found in hollow organs of the body • Cardiac muscle is found only in the heart. The Nervous System - ANSWERaka the brain controls Thinking - Voluntary actions - Involuntary functions • Breathing, heartbeat, digestion liver - ANSWER- detoxifies Gallbladder - ANSWERholds bile Pancreas - - ANSWERproduces insulin to aid in the use of glucose Skin - ANSWERProtects the body against harmful substances in the environment - Regulates body temperature - Transmits information from the outside environment to the brain skin can perceive or sense - ANSWERBlood vessels in the skin constrict when cold to shunt warm blood to core, dilate when hot vital sign values depend on three factors: - ANSWERThe person's size - The person's degree of physical conditioning - The medications that the person takes upper airway sounds - ANSWERA partially blocked airway often produces a snoring sound. - The tongue is the number one cause of airway obstruction
Potential blocks include: - ANSWERSecretions such as vomitus, mucus, or blood that produce gurgling - Foreign objects such as candy, food, or dirt - Dentures or false teeth Cervical Collar - ANSWERUsed to prevent excess movement of the head and neck Soft cervical collars do not provide sufficient support for trauma patients. A cervical collar should be applied before the patient is placed on a backboard. Enhanced 911 - ANSWERgives the physical address of the caller medical director - ANSWERis the overall leader of the medical care team. In indirect or off-line medical control - ANSWER, the Emergency Medical Director: - Directs training courses - Helps set medical policies and procedures and write SMO's (standing medical orders) - Ensures quality management of the EMS system