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EMT PRACTICE FINAL
EXAMINATION FLASHCARDS
You have been called to a private residence where a 16-year-old female patient is reported by her parents to be "acting strangely" and possibly "on something." Upon your arrival, the patient is locked in her bedroom refusing to open the door. The patient refuses to speak to you and will only come out if her best friend is present. Your knowledge of life- span development indicates that the following characteristics are common with a patient of this age. Answers: -Self-destructive behaviors such as tobacco, alcohol, and drug use -Depression and suicide -Preoccupation with body image -All of the above - answer-All of the above An off- duty EMT is driving down the road when she sees a major vehicle accident. There are no Emergency Medical Responders on the scene yet. There are only Good Samaritans. The EMT is late for a doctor's appointment so she decides that she will not stop and help. The driver of the vehicle dies before help arrives. One of the Good Samaritans notices her EMT license plates and writes them down as she passes by. The Good Samaritan is angry that the EMT did not stop and help and tries to get the EMT fired for not helping. Which of the following statements is true? Answers: -The EMT is not negligent because she did not have a duty to act.
-The EMT is negligent because the patient died. -The EMT is not negligent because she had a doctor's appointment. -The EMT is negligent for not stopping and helping. - answer-The EMT is not negligent because she did not have a duty to act. Why is it important for EMTs to participate in quality improvement programs? Answers: -To ensure adequate personnel are available for emergencies -To identify problem employees and create a corrective action plan -To identify problems and develop a plan to prevent their recurrence -To ensure that individuals making false calls for EMS are prosecuted - answer-To identify problems and develop a plan to prevent their recurrence The CDC recommends using an alcohol- based hand sanitizer in all except which of the following situation(s)? Answers: The provider's hands come into contact with fecal matter. The provider is not vaccinated against hepatitis B. The patient has a bloodborne communicable disease. The patient has a respiratory illness. - answer-The provider's hands come into contact with fecal matter. Middle adulthood is the stage of life from ________ to ________ years. Answers: -35; 65 -35; 55 -31; 60
What is the name of the federal act that mandates a procedure by which emergency healthcare providers can find out if they have been exposed to potentially life- threatening diseases while on the job? Answers: Occupational Exposure to Bloodborne Pathogens Act Communicable Disease Notification Act Ryan White CARE Act EMS Personnel Health Protection Act of 1991 - answer-Ryan White CARE Act The application of oxygen for a patient who is short of breath without having to contact the physician in the emergency department is an example of which of the following? Answers: Standing orders On-line medical direction Standards of care Breach of duty - answer-Standing orders If the EMT is in doubt as to whether a patient in cardiac arrest should be resuscitated, which of the following is the best decision? Answers: Consult with the patient's physician. Have the patient's family put their wishes in writing. Withhold resuscitative measures. Begin resuscitative measures. - answer-Begin resuscitative measures.
You are on the scene at an office building where a 32- year- old male is described as having difficulty breathing and chest pain. The patient is allergic to peanuts and thinks he may have accidentally ingested some cookies with peanuts in them this afternoon during his break. He is pale with a pulse rate of 158 and a respiratory rate of 36. You understand that a "fight- or- flight" response may have been activated in this patient, involving which nervous system and which hormone? Answers: Sympathetic nervous system and epinephrine Parasympathetic nervous system and epinephrine Parasympathetic nervous system and insulin Sympathetic nervous system and insulin - answer-Sympathetic nervous system and epinephrine Which of the following parts of the nervous system is responsible for the "fight or flight" response experienced in response to a stressor? Answers: Peripheral nervous system Parasympathetic nervous system Central nervous system Sympathetic nervous system - answer-Sympathetic nervous system A 26-month-old toddler is reported to have fallen and lacerated his chin. His mother did not witness the fall. As you proceed through your assessment, your partner reports that she's concerned about his heart rate, which she measures as 64. She's checked it twice. Your knowledge of normal vital signs for a patient this age suggests that his pulse rate is: Answers: -too fast
You will place two persons at the foot, one at the head, and the other to act as a safety anchor with a rope. You will place two persons at the head of the stretcher, one at the foot, and one to act as a spotter. They would position themselves half way up the slope to take over when you and your partner get fatigued. - answer-You place one person on each corner of the stretcher to balance the weight and share in the lifting. When you place your finger in an infant's palm, she grasps it with her fingers. This is an example of which reflex? Answers: Palmar Moro Sucking Rooting - answer-Palmar Which of the following respiratory processes requires the active use of muscles? Answers: Bifurcation Inhalation Gas exchange Exhalation - answer-Inhalation What condition of immediate concern results from a loss of red blood cells due to hemorrhage? Answers: Decreased oxygen delivery to the tissues
Decreased ability to fight infection Decrease in pulse rate Decreased production of carbon dioxide - answer-Decreased oxygen delivery to the tissues Shock occurs as a result of which of the following? Answers: C/Q match V/Q match Adequate perfusion Inadequate perfusion - answer-Inadequate perfusion Which of the following incidents is the EMT legally required to report to law enforcement? Answers: Your patient has facial and head injuries and states that her husband beat her with a telephone receiver. You suspect the wife of the patient you are treating for chest pain has been smoking marijuana. Your patient is an 18-year-old college student who has been consuming large amounts of alcohol at a fraternity party. Your patient is a 12-year-old male who fell from his bicycle, breaking his left arm, and tells you his parents are at work. - answer-Your patient has facial and head injuries and states that her husband beat her with a telephone receiver. You are treating a patient who has been coughing up blood and who reports weight loss, loss of appetite, weakness, night sweats, and fever. Which of the following diseases is most likely the cause of these signs and symptoms?
With regard to anatomical locations, which of the following is NOT true? Answers: The foot is distal to the knee. The mouth is proximal to the nose. The ears are located on the lateral aspect of the head. The umbilicus is located on the ventral aspect of the body. - answer-The mouth is proximal to the nose. For a patient without a possibility of spinal injury, which of the following carries should be used to move him from a bed to a stretcher? Answers: Draw-sheet method Direct-ground lift Extremity lift Firefighter's carry - answer-Draw-sheet method You have responded to a nursing home and find an elderly patient in his bed in cardiac arrest. Which type of move would you perform to get the patient to a hard surface so you can perform chest compressions? Answers: Emergency move Clothing drag Urgent move Non-urgent move - answer-Emergency move You are called to an assault on a homeless male. Dried blood from the trauma is visible around the patient's mouth and nose. During assessment, you note the
patient has a productive cough. The patient says, "Don't worry, I'm not contagious. I've had this cough for a year." Describe the best approach regarding respiratory isolation. Answers: Mask yourself and the patient. Mask yourself only. Isolate the patient with a nonrebreather mask. Use gloves for PPE, as that's all that's needed. - answer-Mask yourself and the patient. What is a patent airway? Answers: A rigid suction device used to remove fluid and foreign objects from the pharynx to secure the airway A term used by EMS practitioners to indicate that the patient has a secured and opened airway necessary for life An airway that is in need of securing via an oral or nasal pharyngeal airway The condition of the patient's airway at the start of a lifesaving intervention - answer-A term used by EMS practitioners to indicate that the patient has a secured and opened airway necessary for life What reference provides important information regarding hazardous materials, emergency care, and procedures in case of accidental fire or release; supplies definitions of placard colors and identification numbers; and should be standard issue on- board all ambulances and rescue units? Answers: Emergency Preparedness and Response Plan Emergency Response Guidebook
You arrive on the scene of a 55- year- old male patient. The patient's wife called 911 because he is having chest pains. The patient is very angry with his wife for calling 911 because he states he only has heartburn and adamantly refuses any treatment or transport. After signing the patient refusal form, the patient collapses and goes into sudden cardiac arrest. The wife is crying uncontrollably and begging you to do something. What should you do? Answers: Provide emergency care under implied consent. Provide emergency care for the patient only if his wife signs a document stating they will not sue the EMS service. Respect his legal right to not have any treatment, regardless of how much the wife begs you to help. Explain to the wife that her husband signed a legal document refusing care, and if you intervened to help him now, you would be breaking the law. - answer-Provide emergency care under implied consent. Which of the following is the only movable bone of the face? Answers: Zygoma Maxillae Manubrium Mandible - answer-Mandible What level of emergency medical training provides the most advanced pre-hospital care? Answers: Advanced EMT Paramedic
Emergency Medical Responder Emergency Medical Technician - answer-Paramedic Which of the following is a function of the skin? Answers: Protection from the environment Regulation of body temperature Balancing water in the body All of the above - answer-All of the above Which of the following agencies is responsible for establishing EMS system assessment programs? Answers: Department of Health and Human Services (HHS) United States Health Services Agency (HSA) National Transportation Safety Board (NTSB) National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA) - answer-National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA) Which of the following behaviors would demonstrate that an EMT understands reactions to death and dying? Answers: Being firm with grieving family members and telling them they need to accept what has happened Being tolerant of angry reactions by patients and family members Giving a dying patient hope that a cure can be found before the patient dies
All of the above - answer-All of the above Which of the following factors should be considered before lifting any patient? Answers: Communications Your physical limitations The weight of the patient All of the above All of the above - answer- Your patient is a 40- year- old known diabetic who was found unconscious at work by a coworker. What type of consent allows you to treat this patient? Answers: Expressed consent Consent for treatment of minor emergencies Implied consent Consent for mentally incompetent adults - answer-Implied consent You are assessing a female patient with depression. She tells you that her psychologist said that she is dealing with "empty- nest syndrome." What age group is this associated with? Answers: Early adulthood Middle-aged adulthood Late adulthood Middle adulthood - answer-Middle adulthood
Critical Incident Stress Debriefings (CISDs): Answers: have been replaced with "defusings." are always recommended. must be held from 2 to 4 hours following an incident to be effective. are now less common than they once were. - answer-are now less common than they once were. Which of the following is the primary responsibility- or first priority- of the EMT? Answers: Protect and stabilize the patient Communicate with other responders on the scene Maintain personal health and safety Provide emergency care - answer-Maintain personal health and safety When the potential exists for exposure to exhaled air of a person with suspected or confirmed TB, a(n) ________ mask should be worn by the EMT. Answers: B- N- surgical nonrebreather - answer-N- 95 Which of the following is another name for the squat- lift position? Answers:
Electrolytes and carbohydrates Carbolic acid and air - answer-Oxygen and glucose A child's ________ takes up proportionally more space in the pharynx than does an adult's. Answers: trachea epiglottis cricoid cartilage tongue - answer-tongue Which of the following are the abdominal regions created by drawing two imaginary lines intersecting at the navel? Answers: Abdominal planes Abdominal regions Abdominal quadrants Abdominal sextants - answer-Abdominal quadrants You respond to a large concert venue where a number of spectators are reported to be severely intoxicated. You are directed to an area where several patients appear to be unconscious, lying face down on the ground. The position of these patients is described as: Answers: prone. posterior. supine.
anterior. - answer-prone. What is a common term used to describe the items needed for Standard Precautions or body substance isolation precautions? Answers: Infection-control plan Exposure-control plan Personal protective equipment Harm-reduction strategy - answer-Personal protective equipment Which of the following types of blood vessels allow the exchange of substances directly between the blood and the cells of the body? Answers: Arterioles Alveoli Capillaries Veins - answer-Capillaries
