




















Study with the several resources on Docsity
Earn points by helping other students or get them with a premium plan
Prepare for your exams
Study with the several resources on Docsity
Earn points to download
Earn points by helping other students or get them with a premium plan
Community
Ask the community for help and clear up your study doubts
Discover the best universities in your country according to Docsity users
Free resources
Download our free guides on studying techniques, anxiety management strategies, and thesis advice from Docsity tutors
an interesting ppt showing the chronological order of the emergence of sociology.
Typology: Lecture notes
1 / 28
This page cannot be seen from the preview
Don't miss anything!
THE AGE OF ENLIGHTENMENT
After the protestant reformation initiated by Martin Luther King Jr. further carried on by Calvin and the invention of printing press by Johannes Gutenberg both of which took place in Germany around 15 th century, these above mentioned developments took out the whole Europe to the age of enlightenment.
The 16 th century Europe witnessed the emergence of thinkers such as Niccolo Machiavelli in Italy and Thomas Hobbes in England who propounded realistic approach to the problems of human society and even analyzed the system of statecraft.
th
FRENCH REVOLUTION
Auguste Comte is credited to be the father of this modern discipline in 1839 he coined the term ‘ SOCIOLOGY’ for the first time in his famous work “ Positive Philosophy”. The term ‘Sociology’ is derived from the Latin words Socius meaning companion or associate, and the Greek word Logos, meaning study or science. To quote Bottom Ore, “ The conditions which gave rise to sociology were both intellectual and social”.
Then Comes Herbert Spencer, an English scholar who was more precise and specific in specifying the subject matter of the subject. According to him, the fields of sociology are: the family, politics, religion, social control and industry or work. He drew parallels with the human organism, and was influenced by the famous biologist Charles Darwin. He emphasized on the theory of Laissez faire (free market) and individualism. He even stated that the different parts of society such as the state, market or the economy work together to ensure the smooth functioning of the society.
(^) Land, and the revenue and authority that accrued from the relationship between it and the state, had been fundamental to the formation of the early colonial state, eclipsing the formation of Company rule in that combination of formal and private trade that itself marked the formidable state-like functions of the country. (^) Sociology and social anthropology developed in India in the colonial interests and intellectual curiosity of the western scholars on the one hand, and the reactions of the Indian scholars on the other. British administrators had to acquire the knowledge of
" We must at present do our best to form a class who may be interpreters between us and the millions whom we govern; a class of persons, Indian in blood and color, but English in taste, in opinions, in morals, and in intellect".
Many of the western scholars were interested in learning the language of Vedas i.e. Sanskrit, lives of people of Vedic and Aryan Civilizations, whereas others were interested in discovering the rich and intellectual developments of political statecraft, economy, law and philosophy that took place in Ancient India. Marx and Engels were attracted by the nature of oriental disposition in India to build their theory of evolution of capitalism. Even the Great British Jurist Sir Henry Summer Maine was interested in Hindu Legal System and Village Communities to propound the theory of Status to Contract. Max Weber was also interested in Hinduism and other Oriental Religions, which in turn proved beneficial in developing a