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Embalming NBE Review Solved 100%
It is required to receive authorization prior to the executing the embalming procedure. With respect to the Federal Trade Commission (FTC), receiving or not receiving impacts
- ANS-The funeral homes legal ability to charge consumers for this service According to your text, which task should be performed before all others listed? A. Close the mouth B. Wash the body C.Disinfect the body with a droplet spray D. Position the body E. Remove the calvarium - ANS-Disinfect the body with a droplet spray The body you are preparing to embalm is wrapped in bedding (sheets). You have noticed that both the clothing and bedding are soiled with body fluids and feces. You have decided to remove both items from the body. What will you do with these items? - ANS-Soiled clothing should either be destroyed (with proper authorization) or laundered and returned to the family. All contaminated bedding should be destroyed (with proper authorization) or properly laundered and returned to the family As you begin to wash the body surfaces, you notice the presence of dirt beneath the fingernails, what should be done - ANS-At this time (before embalming), the fingernails can be cleaned You have completed the arterial injection of the body via the common carotid artery. You notice areas of incomplete distribution of preservative solution. You attempt to raise a second artery to embalm these areas. Upon completion of this task, distribution of arterial solution is still lacking. What is the most reasonable and prudent next step - ANS-Supplement arterial embalming by using hypodermic injection of preservative and a surface compress of preservative Now you are ready to treat the body cavities, according to the text, what is an acceptable time to begin aspiration of the body cavities - ANS-several hours after arterial injection or immediately following arterial injection Both are acceptable options After the embalming process is complete, you attempt to terminally disinfect your work environment. You are planning to sanitize the area with a solution containing hypochlorite (as found in laundry bleach). However, you first notice a volume of cavity fluid (containing formaldehyde) has spilled on the floor, what step would be most prudent - ANS-Immediately rinse the area with water. Contact between the
formaldehyde and hypochlorite may result in the formation of bischloramethyl ether (BCME), a known carcinogen With respect to the OSHA formaldehyde standard, a specific point at which an 8-hour exposure needs to be addressed is called the action level. This level is represented by an exposure of - ANS-.5ppm The permissible level with respect to the formaldehyde 15 minute test is - ANS-2ppm What is NOT an area directly impacted by OSHA with respect to the funeral industry - ANS-Securing authorization for embalming Which of the following destroy pathogens that are deposited on or enter the living body, contamination followed by decontamination A. Mucous Membranes B. Phagocytes C. Hydrochloric acid of the stomach D. Lysosomes E. All of the above F. None of the above - ANS-All will destroy pathogens Mucous Membranes Phagocytes Hydrochloric acid of the stomach Lysosomes Permission from the next of kin should be sought under which of the following circumstances? A. Removal of a pacemaker from the body, in the event that the body is to be cremated B. The body is to be openly viewed in your stateroom for three days. You wish to embalm the body and charge the family for this service C. You wish to perform a restoration that requires a great deal of time and expertise(assume the victim died of trauma as the result of a car accident) D. All of the above E. None of the above - ANS-D. All of the above Which of the following is a true statement regarding embalmed tissue A. Embalmed tissues become drier B. Embalming reactivates active lipid centers C. Embalmed tissues develop and affinity for water D. Embalmed tissue produces new protein like substances, which are less stable E. None of the above - ANS-Embalmed tissues become drier Which of the following is considered a fixed factor in embalming
A result of failure of the embalmer to remove as much blood out of the body as possible, leading to a reaction of formaldehyde with hemoglobin to form methylhemglobin is known as - ANS-Formaldehyde grey What is acceptable preparation of the body prior to injection - ANS-The neck must be aligned in such a way that there is not interference with distribution of solution and drainage A body will naturally decompose more slowly in what environment - ANS-exposed air It is much easier to remove a mustache or beard before arterial embalming - ANS-true A method of mouth closure in which the suture is passed through the septum of the nose and through the mentalis muscle of the chin - ANS-Muscular suture What will accelerate the rate of natural human decomposition - ANS-Corpulence - the state of being fat; obesity. What will decompose more slowly - ANS-arteries What is true regarding problems with rigor mortis - ANS-The condition affects only muscles, and usually all the muscles of the body are affected Any one of a group of nitrogenous organic compounds formed by the action of putrefactive bacteria on proteins; indole, skatole, cadaverine, and putrescine - ANS- Ptomaines Upon touching the body, you notice that is appears cool in temperature. The postmortem cooling of the body is known as - ANS-Algor mortis The settling of blood and other fluids to dependent portions of the body is known as - ANS-Hypostasis You notice the abdominal cavity is distended with gas pressure. Further, you detect a foul odor. We know that as the proteins of the body decompose, putrefactive odors become apparent. Three compounds are responsible for the odor. One of the three is - ANS-Cadaverine You notice the muscles of the extremities are flaccid. Most likely the body is in the ________ stage of rigor mortis - ANS-secondary flaccidity For this question consider the body has been dead for three months or longer. The medical examiner advised that the body was buried in a shallow grave consisting of alkaline soil. The information is helpful when determining the identity of the wax-like substance found on and within tissues (especially adipose tissue). You have determined
that the body fat has converted to ________ by the process known as saponification - ANS-Adipocere - a grayish waxy substance formed by the decomposition of soft tissue in dead bodies subjected to moisture. saponification During arterial injection of the body, you notice that areas of blood discoloration do not flush clear, via displacement. Rather, the dark - redness appears only to bleach in the presence of formaldehyde. The discoloration you noticed before "bleaching" is likely to be - ANS-Postmortem stain The discoloration described in question #38 is caused by - ANS-Heme passing through the walls ans pores of the capillaries and into the tissue spaces Hypostasis contributes to the formation of - ANS-Livor mortis As natural body dehydration occurs in the unembalmed body, the formed elements (suspended elements) of blood will stick together in clumps. As a result, blood becomes more viscous. This results in the formation of ________ (Note dehydration may be caused by the imbibition of the liquid portion of blood by the cells surrounding the capillaries_ - ANS-sludge A pathological death of body dells as the result of disease processes - ANS-Necrosis A respiratory gurgling or rattling in the throat of a dying person, caused by the loss of the coughing reflex and accumulation of mucous - ANS-death rattle The trocar point is directed toward the intersection of the fifth intercostal space and left mid-axillary line. This statement describes the trocar guide for the - ANS-Stomach Embalming solution has a tendency to find direct routs from arterioles to the venules or through only portions of the capillaries in the region around the injection site and thus spills into the drainage. This can account for over embalming of the area near the injection site and loss of great amounts of arterial solution through drainage. This reality is known as - ANS-Short-Circuiting In ________, the arterial solution is never injected while drainage is being taken - ANS- alternate (injection and) drainage It is advised for cavity aspiration to take place - ANS-several hours after arterial injection or immediately following arterial injection Both are acceptable options Cavity embalming treats - ANS-*the contents of the hollow viscera *the walls of the visceral organs not embalmed by arterial injection *the contents of the spaces between the visceral organs
D. Adsorption E. Hydrothorax - ANS-Hydrothorax The diffusion of crysalloids across a semipermeable membrane that is impermeable to colloids. It is the process of separating crystalloids (smaller particles) from colloids (larger particles) by the difference in their rates of diffusion through a semi-permeable membrane - ANS-Dialysis Positive intravascular pressure causing passage of embalming solution through the capillary wall to diffuse with the interstitial fluids; causing passage of embalming fluid from an intravascular to an extravascular position - ANS-Pressure filtration The trocar is directed toward a point one-forth of the distance from the right anterior- superior iliac spine to the pubic symphysis; keep point of trocar well up near the abdominal wall until within four inches of right anterior-superior iliac spine...This statement describes the trocar guide for the - ANS-Cecum Drainage is brought about by - ANS-Displacement Different pressure can be used to inject the head and trunk. Different rates of flow can be used to inject the trunk and head. These statements describe the advantages of using the ________ injection method - ANS-Restricted cervical As the body gradually dehydrates after death, the - ANS-viscosity of blood increases and blood moves to dependent areas causing livor mortis Cross linked proteins (Proteins + formaldehyde) - ANS-Resist decomposition One of the products that result from cross linking protein with formaldehyde - ANS- Water The uncontrolled (and premature) hardening of capillary walls because of the presence of strong unbalanced solutions containing formaldehyde. These "seared" capillaries become less permeable, hence solution diffusion becomes hindered. The net result is a lack of preparation of the preservative solution causing "under-embalming" of tissues. This fact pattern defines - ANS-walling-off action of formaldehyde What drainage technique does not require a drain tube - ANS-Concurrent You are preparing to embalm a case and during the case analysis you discover the body exhibits extensive dehydration. As you mix your arterial solution you need to ass a modifying agent. In attempt to aid the tissues with moisture retention you elect to add a ________ which contains ________ - ANS-Humectant and Sorbitol
When analyzing another case you grow concerned with your arterial fluids ability to diffuse adequately. You elect to add a modifying agent to aid in the diffusion, you add a ________ which contains ________ - ANS-Surfactant; Sodium lauryl sulfate As you are mixing your arterial fluid you decide to add pH stabilizer to your solution. This will help to maintain the acid-base balance and assist in stabilizing the pH of the tissues where embalming fluids react with the cellular proteins, you add ________ which contains ________ - ANS-Buffer; Borax What is the standard as to when the hardness of the water exceeds the value water is considered unstable for embalming - ANS-100ppm Which of the following are embalming concerns with respect to hard water A. Inactivates the anticlotting elements in arterial fluid B. May unite with the arterial fluid ingredients to form insoluble particles of sufficient size to occlude the capillaries C. Variations in rigidity D. All of the above E. None of the above - ANS-All of the above Considering the contents of the abdomen, the nine-region method, which is located in the Left Lumbar Region - ANS-Greater Omentum Considering the contents of the abdomen, the nine-region method, which is located in the Right Inguinal Region - ANS-Cecum, appendix Considering the contents of the abdomen, the nine-region method, which is located in the Hypochondriac Region - ANS-Greater Omentum This suture is used to gather in and turn under excess tissue. The pattern is the same as the single intradermal suture, except that the stitches are made parallel to the incision edges and do not pierce the margins of the incision. - ANS-Inversion (Worm) Suture The trocar is directed along the line from the left anterior-superior iliac spine to the lobe of the right ear; keep the trocar point up against the cavity wall until it has pierced the diaphragm. This statement describes the trocar guide for the - ANS-Right side of the heart Considering the contents of the abdomen, the nine-region method, which is located in the Epigastric Region - ANS-Portion of the liver Considering the contents of the abdomen, the nine-region method, which is located in the Hypogastric Region - ANS-Uterus during pregnancy
White patches found on the oral mucosa of an IV-drug user, should be disinfected by - ANS-Application of fungicide solution What agency issues a license for embalming - ANS-State occupational licensing board What agency stipulates that funeral homes must obtain permission to embalm - ANS- Federal Trade Commission (FTC) What is S.D.S. - ANS-Safety Data Sheet What is the 15 minute STEL - ANS-2.0 ppm What are the four classifications of embalming - ANS-Arterial, Cavity, Hypodermic, Surface What instrument is used for cavity embalming - ANS-Trocar What would be used to hypodermically embalm a finger - ANS-Syringe and needle How should eyelids be set - ANS-About in the lower one third What form should be achieved with lip closure - ANS-Five arc What is the cooling of the body to surrounding temperature - ANS-Algor mortis What is another name for cadaveric lividity - ANS-livor mortis what is a type of gaseous ptomaine - ANS-indole What discoloration cannot be cleared with vascular embalming - ANS-post mortem stain Which method of drainage would you continue injecting and periodically close the drainage - ANS-Intermittent From the center of the anterior surface of the ankle joint to a point between the first big toe and the adjacent second toe is the linear guide for which artery - ANS-Dorsalis pedis Which discoloration is antemortem and extravascular - ANS-Ecchymosis What pathological condition will cause a dark-red to black discoloration - ANS-dry gangrene What discoloration may occur if the embalming solution is too strong - ANS-Graying
What cause of death would cause a cherry-red discoloration, bright red color to blood, intense livor mortis, rapid mortem staining and petechiae - ANS-Carbon monoxide poisoning What procedure should be employed when embalming a body with vascular difficulties - ANS-Utilize a restricted cervical injection What type of purge will have a coffee grind appearance - ANS-Stomach What solution index should be used on a dehydrated body - ANS-1. What procedure would be used when arterial embalming a decomposed body - ANS- use continuous injection with intermittent drainage What procedure would be used when arterial embalming a trauma case - ANS-use high pressure and low rate of flow What are the three main considerations when embalming a body exposed to radiation - ANS-Rubber apron & gloves, time of exposure, running water What procedure would be used when embalming an autopsy case - ANS-continuous aspiration of cavities What should be done when embalming an obese person - ANS-use firm massage What size arterial tube would be used when embalming an infant - ANS-3/ What should be done when keeping an embalmed body for a long period of time - ANS- delay cosmetic treatment What is considered an invasive procedure when preparing an un-embalmed body for viewing - ANS-using a suture for mouth closure What should be done when embalming a non-viewable body that cannot be arterially embalmed - ANS-hypodermically inject a 5% solution What should be done when arterial embalming has been delayed - ANS-Start with mild solution and strengthen as you proceed The science of treating the dead human body to temporarily inhibit decomposition is known as - ANS-preservation The process of chemically treating the dead human body to reduce the presence and growth of microorganisms, retard organic decomposition, and restore a natural physical appearance is known as - ANS-Embalming
*Increases preservation demand *Is accompanied by color, odor, purge, desquamation and gas formation *Causes a variety of extravascular discolorations The movement of embalming fluid within the vascular system as a result of injection - ANS-Distribution The movement of embalming fluid into tissues through capillary walls - ANS-Diffusion The embalmer identifies which of the following as signs of diffusion
- Tissue fixation
- Drying of tissues
- Distention of superficial vessels
- Reduction of intravascular blood discoloration - ANS-tissue fixation and drying of tissues The embalmer identifies which of the following as signs of distribution
- Distension of superficial vessels
- large volume of blood drainage
- Reduction of intravascular blood discoloration
- Mottling of tissues - ANS-1. Distension of superficial vessels
- large volume of blood drainage
- Reduction of intravascular blood discoloration Fluid diffusion results from which of the following
- Reverse osmosis
- Osmosis
- Dialysis
- Pressure filtration - ANS-2. Osmosis
- Dialysis
- Pressure filtration Which of the following cause intravascular resistance of distribution
- Surface tension
- Liquid blood
- Vascular pathologies like atherosclerosis and other conditions that cause ischemia
- Coagulated blood - ANS-1. Surface tension
- Liquid blood
- Vascular pathologies like atherosclerosis and other conditions that cause ischemia
- Coagulated blood Which of the following cause extravascular resistance to distribution
- Rigor mortis
- Gas pressure
- Frictional resistance
- Weight of viscera - ANS-1. Rigor mortis
- Gas pressure
- Weight of viscera Signs of death as manifested by changes in the eye
- Clouding of the cornea and flattening of the eyeball
- Pupil dilution, and lack of pupil response to changes in light levels
- Loss of luster of conjunctiva
- Glistening of the eye - ANS-1. Clouding of the cornea and flattening of the eyeball
- Pupil dilution, and lack of pupil response to changes in light levels
- Loss of luster of conjunctiva Nitrogenous waste at high levels in the body
- Can result form kidney failure
- Requires a higher dilute index than average
- Can be detected by a strong ammonia-like odor
- Will require the use of Glutaraldehyde-based fluids - ANS-1. Can result form kidney failure
- Requires a higher dilute index than average
- Can be detected by a strong ammonia-like odor Identify the considerations (not precautions) of the carotid arteries
- The face may be over-injected
- Direct distribution to the face
- The incision may be visible
- It is close to the center of distribution - ANS-2. Direct distribution to the face
- It is close to the center of distribution The causative agent of tissue gas in the deceased body
- Is also the causative agent of gas gangrene
- Is Clostridium perfringens
- Dorms spores, so its hard to kill
- Can be transferred between bodies, and from body to embalmer via a puncture wound - ANS-1. Is also the causative agent of gas gangrene
- Is Clostridium perfringens
- Dorms spores, so its hard to kill
- Can be transferred between bodies, and from body to embalmer via a puncture wound
A wax-like material produced by saponification of body fat in the body buried in alkaline soil - ANS-Adipocere Decrease in body temperature immediately before death - ANS-Agonal algor Postmortem cooling of the body: - ANS-algor mortis The building block of protein proteins - ANS-Amino Acids Generalized edema in subcutaneous tissues - ANS-Anasarca anterior superior iliac spine (ASIS) - ANS-palpable bony protuberance located on the ilium Accumulation of serous fluids in the peritoneal cavity - ANS-Ascites Microorganism present in human blood that may cause disease - ANS-bloodborne pathogen Acute, deep seated inflammation in the skin which usually begins as a subcutaneous swelling in a hair follicle - ANS-Furnucle A temporary suture consisting of individual stitches employed to sustain in the appropriate postiion of tissues - ANS-bridge - interrupted suture A circumscribed inflammation of the skin and deeper tissues, that terminates in suppuration and is accomplished by systemic systems - ANS-Carbuncle The center of embalming distribution is the - ANS-Ascending aorta and/or arch of the aorta The center of venous drainage is the - ANS-Right atrium of the heart Embalming technique using active dye in an attempt to cover internal discoloration - ANS-Counterstaining Extreme dehydration often resulting in post-embalming discoloration - ANS-Desiccation Sloughing off of the epidermis, wherein there is a separation of the epidermis from the underlying dermis as a result of autolysis - ANS-Desquamation Bruising discoloration of the skin caused by the escape of blood into extravasular tissues - ANS-Ecchymosis Abnormal accumulation of fluids in tissues or body cavities - ANS-Edema
Organic catalyst produced by living cells capable of autolytic decomposition - ANS- Enzyme Loss of blood to the point where life can no longer be sustained - ANS-Exsanguination Characterized by a high fever, causing dehydration of the body - ANS-Febrile Gray discoloration of the body caused by the reaction of formaldehyde with hemoglobin to form methyl hemoglobin - ANS-Formaldehyde gray Death of body tissues due to deficient or absent blood supply - ANS-Gangrene Abnormal accumulation of fluids in a saclike structure - ANS-Hydrocele Abnormal accumulation of fluid in the thoracic cavity - ANS-Hydrothorax A solution having a greater concentration of dissolved solution to which it is compared - ANS-Hypertonic The process of blood and/or other fluids settling to the dependent portions of the body - ANS-Hypostasis A solution having a lesser concentration of dissolved solute than the solution to which it is compared. - ANS-Hypotonic Absorption of the fluid portion of blood by the tissues after death, resulting in postmortem edema - ANS-Imbibition The strength of embalming fluids indicated by the number of grams of pure formaldehyde gas dissolved in 100 ml of water - ANS-Index The period from birth to 18 months is referred to as the - ANS-Infant A method of drainage in which drainage is stopped at intervals while the injection continues - ANS-Intermittent (Restricted) A solution having an equal concentration of dissolved solute as the solution to which it is compared - ANS-Isotonic A condition characterized by excessive concentrations of bilirubin in the skin and tissues
- ANS-Jaundice Cellular death of a pathological origin - ANS-Necrosis Metabolic by-products such as urea acid containing nitrogen, and have a propensity to neutralize formaldehyde - ANS-Nitrogenous waste
If one made an incision between the tendons of the flexor carpi ulnaris and the flexor digitorum superficialis muscle, the person would be attempting to find which artery - ANS-Ulnar If one made a longitudinal incision on the posteriormedial aspect of the thigh just superior to the popliteal space, the person would be attempting to find which artery - ANS-Popliteal Imbibition causes - ANS-Postmortem edema Livor mortis is synonymous with: - ANS-postmortem lividity Low moisture content in a body may be treated successfully with an arterial solution that is - ANS-Hypotonic to cell hydration Massage cream applied to the face before embalming will - ANS-Retard dehydration One advantage in the use of the common carotid arteries as a point of injection in arterial embalming is - ANS-They are close to the center of circulation When the trocar point is directed toward the intersection of the fifth intercostal space and the left midaxillary line, one would be attempting to insert the trocar into which of the following organs - ANS-Stomach What would be used for a test of death - ANS-Stethoscope What is a consideration of agonal change - ANS-Hypostasis What is not considered proper positioning - ANS-Face is tilted to the left about 15 degrees One advantage in the use of the femoral artery as a point of injection in arterial embalming is - ANS-Provides for an incision that will not be seen Which of the following must the employer obtain for all hazardous chemicals in the work place and also maintain in a place where the employee will have access to them while in the work area - ANS-Safety Data Sheets One condition governing the rate of algor mortis might be - ANS-Amount of clothing covering the body One disadvantage in the use of the common carotid arteries as points of injection in embalming is - ANS-The face may be over-injected
Which of the following will decompose first under normal conditions - ANS-Lining membranes of the trachea and larynx One example of postmortem physical change is - ANS-Algor mortis One method of mouth closure is the hypodermic injection of embalming fluid into the - ANS-Masseter muscle One method of stimulating drainage is - ANS-massage What is not a sign of decomposition - ANS-Postmortem hypostasis Perfuming materials such as spice oils are used in embalming fluids because - ANS- They mask formaldehyde odor Postmortem coagulation - ANS-Is the developing of blood clots after death rigor mortis - ANS-Is typically first observed in the small muscles of the eyes 10 ounces of 16 index arterial fluid would be required to male 20 ounces of a - ANS-8% solution Saponification of the body fats results in production of - ANS-Adipocere 8 ounces of a 20 index arterial fluid would be required to make 32 ounces of - ANS-5% solution Saprophytic bacteria complicate the embalming process because - ANS-They are responsible for putrification Signs of decomposition may include all of the following except - ANS-Imbibition A condition governing the rate of algor mortis is - ANS-environmental temperature A delicate instrument, used for detecting almost inaudible sounds is - ANS-Stethoscope Skatole Indole Cadaverine Putrescine - ANS-Amines A disadvantage in the use of the femoral artery as a point of injection in arterial embalming is - ANS-Vessels are deep-seated in obese cases A hemostat is most useful to the embalmer to - ANS-clamp a vessel
