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Communication is a process, which involves sharing of information between people through a continuous activity of speaking, listening, and understanding. Communication is important factor in business management. This lecture includes: Element, Effective, Written, Communication, Specific, Information, Word, Sentence, Abstract, Vivid, Specific, Information
Typology: Exercises
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Communicating concretely means being specific, definite, and vivid rather than vague and general. Concrete writing makes specific references to persons, places, objects, & actions while abstract mans making general references to these items. To make your writing concrete you should: a. Include as much specific information as possible. b. Use active rather than passive verbs. c. Use vivid, image-building words.
Unfortunately, what is concrete to us may not be concrete to our readers. An effective way to overcome this dilemma is to provide as much specific information as possible rather than general information. For example, knowing how “fast” “fast” is in the following sentence is impossible without presenting additional information. Change: She is a fast typist. To: She types @ of 80 words/min. Another example of a general statement and a more concrete revised version follows. Change: He got a good score in his MBA Program. To: His GPA in 2000 was 3.9 on a four point scale. General words are often interpreted differently by the reader from what you intended. The following is a partial list of particularly troublesome words. large good small around old convenient young little majority large It’s permissible – even desirable - to use general expressions, only when: i. It’s not possible to be specific: “You may not have the precise figures & facts. ii. You wish to be diplomatic (considerate): “You have missed three invitations to my office” – is harsh, rude; you may be tactful by saying, “I have sent you several reminders to see me in my office.” iii. Exact figures are unimportant, as in “more than half the committee was present”.
Active verbs help make your sentences more:
vivid, and specific are sensory appeals, comparisons, concrete nouns, and well-chosen adjectives and adverbs.
Change: This report is weak. To: The following flaws weaken the quality of this report:
Incomplete messages quickly increase the organization’s cost. Any time a message is prepared that requires the preparation of another message, the cost of communicating doubles. Incomplete messages are costly in other ways as well because they can result in: