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Edward Jenner was a doctor in England. He often saw people who were very sick with another disease called smallpox. Some of his patients died from this.
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During the 1700s in England, women helped on farms. Milkmaids were women who milked the cows. Some cows got a disease called cowpox.
Edward Jenner was a doctor in England. He often saw people who were very sick with another disease called smallpox. Some of his patients died from this disease. This made him sad.
Dr. Jenner realized that cowpox might protect people from smallpox. Cowpox did not make people very sick, but smallpox did. He would see if what people were saying was right. He decided to do an experiment.
Sarah Nelmes was a young milkmaid. She milked a cow named Blossom. When Blossom had cowpox, Sarah got sores on her hands. Dr. Jenner asked to take a sample of pus from her sores.
Dr. Jenner heard people talking about the milkmaids. They said that milkmaids who got cowpox did not get smallpox.
Milkmaids would get sores on their hands from milking the sick cows. The good news was that the milkmaids did not get very sick when they got cowpox.
Material adapted from the Vax Pack Hero project produced by the Vaccine Education Center at PAGE 1 OF 2 Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia. For more resources, including an online game, visit VaxPackHero.org.
Dr. Jenner then tested his idea on a young boy. James Phipps was only 8 years old. Dr. Jenner put some of the pus from Sarah’s sores just under James’ skin.
Later, Dr. Jenner tested James with smallpox. James did not get sick. Dr. Jenner was very happy. But he had to try his experiment in more people to be sure it worked.
And it did. When people got cowpox, they did not get sick later from smallpox. Dr. Jenner called his new process vaccination.
About 200 years later, smallpox no longer exists in the world. Today, no one gets smallpox or even needs a smallpox vaccine.
Blossom, Sarah Nelmes, James Phipps and Dr. Jenner are heroes. Their work helped all of us.
People started to come to Dr. Jenner. They wanted their children protected too. Then other doctors learned how to do vaccination.
Material adapted from the Vax Pack Hero project produced by the Vaccine Education Center at PAGE 2 OF 2 Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia. For more resources, including an online game, visit VaxPackHero.org.