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A comprehensive set of exam questions and answers for edf 6223, focusing on key concepts in behavior modification, including shaping, extinction, and their applications. It covers topics like the principles of shaping, its limitations, and guidelines for implementation. The document also delves into the process of extinction, its different types, and its effects on behavior. It includes detailed explanations of extinction bursts, spontaneous recovery, and resistance to extinction. Valuable for students preparing for exams in behavior modification or related fields.
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Shaping Across and Within Response Topographies - ANS ✓•Across response topographies
Increasing Efficiency of Shaping - ANS ✓•Combine with a discriminative stimulus (e.g., a prompt)
•Extinction is a procedure that provides zero probability of reinforcement •The effectiveness of extinction is dependent primarily on the identification of reinforcing consequences and consistent application of the procedure •Extinction does not require the application of aversive stimuli to decrease behavior. Procedural - ANS ✓•Procedural forms of extinction involve "ignoring" the problem behavior. •Applications of the procedural form of extinction are often ineffective. Functional - ANS ✓•Functional forms of extinction involve withholding the maintaining reinforcers.•When the extinction procedure is matched to the behavioral function, the intervention is usually effective. Misuses of the Term "Extinction" - ANS ✓•1) Using extinction to refer to any decrease in behavior •2) Confusing forgetting and extinction •3) Confusing response blocking and sensory extinction •4) Confusing noncontingent reinforcement and extinction •Using extinction to refer to any decrease in behavior
Confusing response blocking and sensory extinction - ANS ✓-Response blocking is not an extinction procedure
(Keller & Schoenfeld, 1950/1995, p.#75) Number, Magnitude, and quality of reinforcement - ANS ✓-The number of times a behavior produces reinforcement may influence resistance to extinction.
You have a client who refuses to eat food at dinner. You begin presenting food for the client to eat and only remove the presentation of food when 5 bites have been swallowed. This is an example of: - ANS ✓escape extinction A client exhibits disruptive behavior while grocery shopping with his mother. The parent delivers a reinforcer every 5-7 minutes that the target behavior does not occur. This procedure is part of: - ANS ✓DRO A behavior plan has a DRA procedure in which a student is given the reinforcing consequence of being answered any time he raises his hands instead of shouting out. The teacher accidentally responds to him sometimes. What is one thing you should consider when modifying this procedure? - ANS ✓. Provide coaching so that he is answered only when his hand his raised Extinction - ANS ✓is a procedure that decreases the future frequency of a behavior because reinforcement of that previously reinforced behavior is discontinued. Definition of Imitation - ANS ✓•A model stimulus is presented in an effort to evoke the imitative behavior •The imitative behavior follows immediately •The model and behavior must have formal similarity •The model must serve as a controlling variable for the imitative behavior (SD) Types of Models - ANS ✓•Planned models
Formal Similarity - ANS ✓•The model and the behavior physically resemble each other Immediacy - ANS ✓•The temporal relation between the model and the occurrence of the imitative behavior is very important •Imitation may also occur at later times and in the context of everyday life situations
Guidelines for imitation training - ANS ✓•Keep training sessions active and short (10-15 minutes, a couple times a day) •Reinforce both prompted and imitative responses •Pair verbal praise and attention with tangible reinforcers •If progress breaks down, back up and move ahead slowly •Keep a record •Fade out verbal response prompts and physical guidance What is Shaping? - ANS ✓•A process in which one