Download EDF 6222 Exam Questions & Answers: Key Concepts and Applications and more Exams Behavioural Science in PDF only on Docsity!
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EDF 6222 EXAM 1 & 2 EXAM QUESTIONS WITH
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What is one reason why a lesson can be reinforcing? - ANS ✓students are able to demonstrate their knowledge Environment - ANS ✓any event in the universe capable of affecting the organism (some of that universe is private) How do private events and overt events differ? - ANS ✓based on their accessibility Why do we mistrust verbal responses to private events? - ANS ✓bcs we can't establish them to be true 3 types of internal stimuli - ANS ✓-interoceptive
- proprioceptive
- exteroceptive Interoceptive - ANS ✓stimuli related to digestion, respiratory, and circulatory systems Proprioceptive - ANS ✓stimuli related to tendoins, muscles, balance or movement, internal events Ex: dizziness after riding a motorcycle
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Exteroceptive - ANS ✓stimuli concerned with the senses: hearing, taste, smell, and feel with respect to external enviro Conditions that shape responses - ANS ✓-probable behavior
- perceptual behavior
- covert behavior
- future behavior Perceptual behavior - ANS ✓rely on current events and senses that allow verification
- ex. When you state, "did you feel that?" referring to an earthquake Past behavior - ANS ✓when we use vocab from current behavior but the speaker must have had experience of being present in the past Ex. Where did you go yesterday?" the person can reply, "i went to the movies" Covert behavior - ANS ✓-describing private conditions associated with public behavior, but not necessarily generated by it
- ex. "what are you thinking?" Future behavior - ANS ✓report on covert behavior like "i am going to give this to him when i see him" or predicted behavior "if it rains, i will stay home" Hefferline and keenan - ANS ✓-rewards were given to participants based on the tension of their thumb muscle (tension so minuscule you couldn't see it with naked eye)
- frequency of tension increased
- example of a private event that participants were unable to describe what the contingencies are
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Concept of self - ANS ✓functionally unified set of responses (allows for variability in responding that results from variability in the enviro) Self-knowledge - ANS ✓-awareness of one's own behavior as well as the analysis of the controlling variables of one's own behavior
- also considered reasoning Where does superstition come from? - ANS ✓accidental contingencies What further influences superstitious behavior - ANS ✓language Interval schedules - ANS ✓time based schedules Ratio schedules - ANS ✓work based schedules Do fixed schedules occur in natural enviro - ANS ✓no What is one reason why mentalistic properties are used - ANS ✓bcs/ they can't see schedules of reinforcement and assume it is some magical entity within the brain responsible for behavior Good example of drl - ANS ✓if someone asks for few favors we are more likely to grant them Matching law - ANS ✓quantitative relationship btw/ rates of response and the rates of reinforcement in concurrent schedules What does value mean - ANS ✓the type of reinforcer that is effective for a particular person
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Punishment is _____ - ANS ✓destructive and becomes and instrument of exploitation and coercion Punishment can disrupt ____ - ANS ✓unpunished behaviors as well What type of conditioning is responsible to drug overdose? - ANS ✓respondent conditioning How is respondent conditioning related to drug overdose - ANS ✓if drug is ingested in the same enviro, the body makes physiological changes to prepare for the drug
- the enviro becomes a conditioned stimulus Dr. Ader investigate _______ - ANS ✓food aversion in mice How much presentations of food do kidws need - ANS ✓ 10 - 20 for typical 50 - 100 for atypical
- most interventions use escape extinction Fryling et al. Studied? - ANS ✓antecedent based intervention for food selectivity using high p procedure
- easy to implement and food acceptance generalized
- used high p foods to increase acceptance of low p foods How much of modern medicine is actually effective? - ANS ✓1/ What is language development related to? - ANS ✓number of words spoken to children by their parents
- welfare-recipient family could have heard 32 million fewer words
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What does skinner think of natural learning - ANS ✓real world is not an effective teacher
- physical enviro breed awkward, dangerous, superstitious behavior Education - ANS ✓-arranging contingencies that facilitate learning
- don't assume underlying abilities of students
- bcbas look at the contingencies of learning situation to understand why learning has not taken place First human applications of operant conditioning - ANS ✓derived from those diagnosed with mental illness Why does therapy work - ANS ✓we all want social reinforcement Traditional viewpoints to serving mentally ill - ANS ✓-involve mentalistic explanations of unobservable causes
- believe mental illness is caused by something inside the person Clinical work in institutions are facilitated for the benefit of - ANS ✓staff and overuse coercive measures Why does reform in institutions fail - ANS ✓-interventions rely on physical facilities and admin procedures
- socially contrived deprivation (time-out) that is widely accepted bcs/ causes no pain What is the uniform? - ANS ✓stimulus that confounds the relationship btw/ citizen and officer Common theme in community policing - ANS ✓pairing with citizens and shape appropriate behaviors
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Prejudice and stereotypes equal - ANS ✓overgeneralization What did plant and peruche find - ANS ✓more discrimination practice officers had, the less likely they were to consider race a variable How to quantify sensations and perceptions - ANS ✓operation of discrimination Why is respondent conditioning limited? - ANS ✓bcs/ can add stimuli but not add any new responses What gives reinforcement an edge when explaining behavior - ANS ✓bcs/ behavior is accessible Are all conditioned reflexes helpful - ANS ✓no Purpose/intent - ANS ✓when a behavior class is functionally related to consequences What do you need to determine extinction? - ANS ✓learner's reinforcement history Should one examine sentences and linguistic limericks - ANS ✓no the entire analysis is unavailable Are meaning for listener and speaker the same? - ANS ✓yes Parsimony - ANS ✓look for the simplest explanation possible
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- physical events can cause only physical events What did normand present? - ANS ✓-importance of objective, empirical science
- being skeptical does not equate being cynical: withhold judgement until sufficient evidence is presented, and examine available evidence before making a decision Characteristics of pseudoscience - ANS ✓-can't be proven false
- anecdotal evidence How is science self-correcting? - ANS ✓through replication What is the credo of helping professionals? - ANS ✓do no harm Explanatory fictions - ANS ✓socially approved ways for explaining behavior that violates parsimony Classical behaviorism - ANS ✓s-r behavioism that does not account for consequences or private events Reflex - ANS ✓behavior controlled by external agents Who studied conditioned reflexes - ANS ✓pavlov How did pavlov avoid mentalistic and explanatory fictions? - ANS ✓by controlling conditions that allowed him to show stimuli can be conditioned Evolutionary explanation for reflexes? - ANS ✓for survival of the organism
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Conditioning can never fashion a _____ - ANS ✓novel response Ontogeny - ANS ✓-learned beahviors of a particular animal during its lifetime
- o = one Phylogeny - ANS ✓behaviors that have been passed down over the lifetime of the entire species How do you know the behavior is phylogenic? - ANS ✓when there is no history of the behavior What do genes do? - ANS ✓-predispose an individual's susceptibility to influence from the environment
- genes do not "cause" behavior they set up physical basis for behavior to occur What does gmi with a mirror do? - ANS ✓provides additional feedback required to receive discriminative control of the model What did miller et al. (2015) find? - ANS ✓that mirrors do facilitate acquisition of motor imitation in children with asd
- mirror serves as a discriminative control for the model What did - ANS ✓ Where does our understanding of operant behavior originate from? - ANS ✓darwin's controversial idea that humANS are not unique in their ability to think What did thorndike create? - ANS ✓law of effect
- trial and error type of explanation
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Why is "effective" reinforcer redundant - ANS ✓-the nature of a reinforcer is that it increases the behavior
- "ineffective" reinforcers don't exist because a reinforcer is only a reinforcer if it increases a behavior What is verbal behavior? - ANS ✓behavior that is reinforced based on the effects that it has on other people What do verbal communities influence? - ANS ✓repertoire of the speaker Language - ANS ✓interactions that take place between speakers and listeners Can verbal behavior occur spontaneously? - ANS ✓yes, once the verbal repertoire is shaped by the audience Nonverbal - ANS ✓eradicate possibility of any mode of communication including sign, gestures, and pecs Nonvocal - ANS ✓spoken language is not used to communicate How do words develop meaning? - ANS ✓by the listener's responses to the word Who came up with precision teaching? - ANS ✓ogden lindsley What is a referent - ANS ✓-every term must have an entity to which it corresponds
- stimulus control over language What is rate of response? - ANS ✓frequency
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Frequency is a ___________ - ANS ✓dimension of behavior Which is more sensitive to program changes? Frequency or precentage - ANS ✓frequency - 10 - 100x more sensitive Precision teaching - ANS ✓method that adjusts the curricula for each learner to maximize learning based on their own celeration chart What graph does precision teaching use? - ANS ✓standard celeration chart Standard celeration chart - ANS ✓a semilogarithmic chart that enables the visual display of celeration, a factor by which rate of behavior multiples or divides per unit of time
