Download EDELMEN'S SPI EXAM REVIEW QUESTIONS WITH APPROVED ANSWERS. and more Exams Radiology in PDF only on Docsity!
EDELMEN'S SPI EXAM REVIEW QUESTIONS
WITH APPROVED ANSWERS.
Sound waves are: a) electric b) mechanical, transverse c) spectral d) longitudinal, mechanical - Correct Answer-D The speed of sound of ultrasound in soft tissue is closest to: a) 1,540 km/sec b) 1.54 km/sec c) 1,500 m/s d) 1,540 mm/sec - Correct Answer-C Which is not an acoustic variable? a) density b) pressure c) distance d) intensity - Correct Answer-D The effects of soft tissue on ultrasound are called: a) acoustic proliferation properties b) dynamic effects c) acoustic propagation properties d) biological effects - Correct Answer-C All of the following are true EXCEPT: a) two waves with identical frequencies must interfere constructively. b) constructive interference is associated with waves that are in-phase. c) out-of-phase waves interfere destructively. d) waves of different frequencies may exhibit both constructive and destructive interference at different times. - Correct Answer-A Put in decreasing order: a) Deca
b) Deci c) Micro d) Centi - Correct Answer-abdc ______ is the time to complete one cycle a) pulse duration b) pulse period c) period d) duration period - Correct Answer-C Which of the following sound waves is ultrasonic and least useful in diagnostic imaging? a) 30 KHz b) 8 Mhz c) 8,000 Hz d) 3,000 Hz e) 15 Hz - Correct Answer-A ______ is the distance covered by one cycle. a) pulse length b) wavelength c) cycle distance d) cycle duration - Correct Answer-B Which of the following is determined by the source and the medium? a) frequency b) period c) propagation speed d) range resolution - Correct Answer-D Propagation speed = _______ x wavelength a) pulse duration b) period c) # of cycles in the pulse d) frequency - Correct Answer-D As a result of _____ the propagation speed increases. a) increasing stiffness and increasing density b) increasing stiffness and increasing elasticity c) decreasing compressibility and decreasing density
b) halved c) doubled d) quadrupled - Correct Answer-D If the level of acoustic variable ranges from 55-105, what is the amplitude? a) 105 b) 50 c) 25 d) 55 - Correct Answer- Power of sound has units of: a) dB b) dB/cm c) watts d) watts/cm^2 - Correct Answer-C If the intensity of a sound beam remains unchanged while the beam area is reduced in half, what has happened to the power? a) quadrupled b) doubled c) halved d) unchanged - Correct Answer-C Which of these intensities is the smallest? a) SATP b) SPTP c) SATA - Correct Answer-C The duty factor for CW ultrasound is a) 10. b) 1% c) 1. d) 0.0% - Correct Answer-C What is the minimum value of the duty factor? a) 10. b) 1% c) 1. d) 0.0% - Correct Answer-D What are the units of intensity?
a) watts b) dB c) watts/cm^ d) dB - Correct Answer-C What happens to the speed of sound in a medium when the bulk modulus of the medium decreases? a) faster b) slower d) unchanged - Correct Answer-B The units of attenuation are ___ : this is a ___ scale A) mm/cm ; parametric B) dB/m ; multiplicative C) none ; relative D) dB ; logarithmic - Correct Answer-D Sound Intensity decreased by 75% is how decibels of attenuation? a) 6dB b) 9 dB c) 5 dB d) 10 dB - Correct Answer-A If a 5 MHz wave is traveling in the tissues listed below, which will have the longest wavelength? a) fat b) air c) muscle d) bone - Correct Answer-D If a 5 MHz wave is traveling in the tissues listed below, which will have the shortest wavelength? a) fat b) air c) muscle d) bone - Correct Answer-B The rayl is the unit of.... a) intensity b) reflectance
*With normal incidence, what factors affect refraction of US? A) propagation speeds B) frequencies C) attenuation coefficients D) none of the above - Correct Answer-D ________ is a redirection of an ultrasound bean in many directions as a result of a rough boundary between two media: a) refraction b) Rayleigh Scattering c) scattering d) reflection - Correct Answer-C Which is most likely to create Rayleigh Scattering? a) Red Blood Cells b) muscle c) scattering d) bone - Correct Answer-A True or False: With normal incidence, the angle is 180deg. - Correct Answer- False Which of the following conditions is axial resolution improved? a) decreases spatial pulse length b) decreased pulse amplitude c) decreased imaging depth d) decreased pixel size e) decreased beam diameter - Correct Answer-A Snell's law describes the physics of _______. - Correct Answer-Refraction The most likely amount of reflection at a boundary between soft tissue is: a) 1% b) 22% c) 34% d) 99% - Correct Answer-A
T or F: Doppler Shifts always occur if the sound source and receiver are in motion. - Correct Answer-False. Which of the following is associated with power mode Doppler? a) poor temporal resolution and flash artifact b) lower sensitivity and high temporal resolution c) high sensitivity and high frame rates d) flash artifact and reduced sensitivity e) good temporal resolution and flash artifact - Correct Answer-A The Doppler shift is a measure of: a) ratio of incident frequency to reflector frequency b) sum of incident frequency & reflected frequency c) difference between incident frequency & reflected frequency d) product of incident and reflected frequencies - Correct Answer-C T or F: the sonographer cannot change, directly or indirectly, the duty factor of the machine. - Correct Answer-F T or F: there have not been any biological effects from ultrasound in the laboratory. - Correct Answer-F *In the analog converter, what component stores the image data? a) computer memory b) video tape recorder c) dielectric matrix d) none of the above - Correct Answer-C What is the correct notation for mega-milli-kilo-micro - Correct Answer-10^6 - mega 10^-3 - milli 10^3 - kilo 10^-6 - micro How many cm are in 60 mm? - Correct Answer- T or F: Later resolution also goes by these names: a) axial b) azimuthal c) longitudinal
How many bits are needed to represent 16 shades of grey? a) 2 b) 3 c) 4 d) 5 - Correct Answer-C What information does doppler shift provide? a) flow b) cardiac output c) velocity d) speed - Correct Answer-C T or F: A sound wave is a pressure wave made of compressions and rarefactions. - Correct Answer-True A hydrophone is used to measure: a) velocity b) frequency c) intensity d) phase - Correct Answer-B or C Images on a videotape are stored using: a) magic b) magnetism c) paper d) computer memory - Correct Answer-D Circumferences may be measure in the unit of: - Correct Answer-cm Decimal uses a bases of 10, binary uses a bases of: a) 1 b) 2 c) 5 d) 10 - Correct Answer-B If the frame rate increases and liners per frame is unchanged, what else must have happened? a) ultrasound speed increases b) frequency increases c) depth increases
d) depth decreases - Correct Answer-D Which cannot be performed by the sonographer? a) adjust overall gain b) clean VCR recording heads c) clean pixels d) adjust TGC - Correct Answer-C Which of the following is not a beam steering technique for a mechanical scan head? a) rotating wheel b) phased beam c) oscillating disc d) oscillating mirror - Correct Answer-B T or F: a system which was not working well now does not display clear images in the far field. This may be a problem with the: a) transducer b) receiver c) monitor d) scan converter - Correct Answer-A - true B - true C - true D - true How many decibels is related to a 90% decrease in imaging power? a) -1 dB b) -10 dB c) -90 dB d) -100 dB - Correct Answer-B If the output of the machine is increased by 20dB, the beam intensity is increased: a) 100 times b) 1,000,000 times c) 20 times d) 10 times - Correct Answer-A Which has the greatest amount of attenuation? a) bone
c) decrease the range of frequencies - Correct Answer-B Reject is used to: a) adjust the appearance of highly reflective objects b) adjust the appearance of lowly reflective objects c) improve axial resolution d) improve digital scan convert sensitivity - Correct Answer-B If a reflector is moved twice as far away from the transducer, how will this affect the time-of-flight of a sound pulse? a) quadruple it b) double it c) no change d) halve it - Correct Answer-B *A single element transduce is focused by a) by the manufacturer b) cannot be focused c) by increasing power d) by the sonographer - Correct Answer-A An ultrasound machine has a digital scan converter but has an analog input signal. the machine needs to have a a) hybrid multiplexer b) modem c) analog to digital converter d) digital monitor - Correct Answer-C Under which of the following conditions is later resolution improved? a) decreased beam diameter b) decreased pulse duration c) decrease imaging depth d) decrease pixel size e) decrease spatial pulse length - Correct Answer-A In which was is an annular phase array transducer different than a linear phase array transducer? a) the linear is steered mechanically b) the linear can have multiple focal zones c) the annular can create a sector shaped image
d) the linear has higher pulse repetition frequency e) the annular is steered mechanically - Correct Answer-E In which of these biological tissues will sound waves propagate most quickly? a) tendon b) blood c) lung d) fat e) amniotic fluid - Correct Answer-A Which of the following best describes a sound beam? a) electrical impulses b) a collection of mechanical vibrations in the form of compressions and rarefactions c) a wave that man can hear d) electromechanical variations e) ionic vibrations - Correct Answer-B You are performing a quality assurance study on an ultrasound system using a tissue equivalent phantom. You make an adjustment using a knob on the system console that changes the appearance of reflector brightness from fully bright to barely visible. What are you evaluating? a) resolution b) dynamic range c) system sensitivity d) vertical calibration e) slice thickness - Correct Answer-C Which of the following best describes the features of a sound wave and medium that determine the speed of sound in the medium? a) density of the medium and stiffness of the medium b) density of the medium and power of the sound beam c) elasticity of the medium and frequency of the sound beam d) stiffness of the medium and elasticity of the medium e) pulse repetition period of the sound wave and density of the medium - Correct Answer-A While scanning in a water tank, what location in a sound beam has the highest intensity? a) focal point
Which of the following improves the signal-to-noise ratio? a) dynamic range b) frame averaging c) gray scale d) edge enhancement e) receiver gain - Correct Answer-B Under which circumstance is cavitation most likely to occur? a) high frequency and low power b) high intensity and high frequency c) low intensity and low frequency d) low frequency and high signal amplitude - Correct Answer-D What is the accuracy of reflector depth position on an A-mode, B-mode, or M- mode display called? a) range resolution b) horizontal calibration c) axial resolution d) speed error artifact e) depth calibration - Correct Answer-E Pre-processing occurs a) when the patient is scanned b) when images are transferred to the VCR c) after the images are on the tape d) when the image exits the scan converter - Correct Answer-A Post processing occurs when the image a) is played off of the VCR b) entered the A/D converter but before display c) after it leaves the A/D converter d) after it leaves the scan converter - Correct Answer-B The region from the transducer to the minimum beam cross-sectional area is the a) Fraunhofer zone b) Fresnel zone c) focus d) Snell's length - Correct Answer-B
Biologic effects have not been documented below what intensity? (SPTA) a) 100 w/cm b) 100 mW/ cm^ c) 100 mW/cm^ d) 100 mW/cm^3 - Correct Answer-B or C What is the standard for communication between medical imaging computers? a) ALARA b) PACS c) D-to-A conversion d) DICOM e) A-to-D conversion - Correct Answer-B The Curie Temperature has which effect? a) the backing material delaminates from the active element b) the glue binding the crystal & matching layer melts c) the ferroelectric material is depolarized d) the matching layer changes its impedance - Correct Answer-C what happens to venous blood flow to the hear during expiration? a) increased b) decreased c) unchanged - Correct Answer-B Which of the following has a propagation speed closest to "soft tissue"? a) muscle b) fat c) bone d) air - Correct Answer-A In a B-mode display, which of the following axes are used for the amplitude of the reflection? a) z-axis b) m-axis c) x-axis d) y-axis e) time base axis - Correct Answer-A What is displayed on the x-axis of an M-mode image?
While propagating, a sound wave is refracted. Finally, it returns to the transducer. The system processes the sound wave as if it has: a) refracted and returned b) traveled in a straight line, reflected & returned c) traveled in a straight line, attenuated, reflected & returned - Correct Answer-B What measures the output of a transducer? a) receiver b) display c) hydrometer d) hydrophone - Correct Answer-D Put in increasing order of propagation speed: a) air, bone, water b) bone, water, air c) air, water, bone d) water, air, bone e) bone, air, water - Correct Answer-C Which type of artifact appears most commonly with highly reflective objects? a) reverberations b) mirroring c) shadowing d) enhancement e) defocusing - Correct Answer-C What can pulsed doppler measure that continuous wave cannot? a) duration b) speed c) velocity d) location e) frequency - Correct Answer-D What is the fraction of time that a transducer is transmitting? a) duty factor b) pulse duration c) period d) PRF spatial duration - Correct Answer-A
Which of the following clinical modalities has the lowest output intensity? a) pulsed doppler b) continuous wave doppler c) power doppler d) duplex scanning e) gray scale imaging - Correct Answer-E What is the location of the minimum cross-sectional area of the beam? a) focus b) Fraunhofer zone c) far zone d) near zone - Correct Answer-A The dB is defined as the _______ of two intensities. a) sun b) difference c) product d) ratio - Correct Answer-D If the power of a sound wave is increased by a factor of 8, how many decibels is this? a) 3 dB b) 6 dB c) 9 dB d) 8 dB - Correct Answer-C An ultrasound system is set to 0db and is transmitting at full intensity. What is the output power when the system is transmitting at 50% of full intensity? a) -3 dB b) -50 dB c) 10 dB d) 3 dB e) -10 dB - Correct Answer-A An ultrasound system is set to 0db and is transmitting at full intensity. What is the output power when the system is transmitting at 10% of full intensity? a) -3 dB b) -50 dB c) 40 dB d) 3 dB
