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Economics- Globalization- Meaning, Lecture notes of Economics

Economics- Globalization- Meaning

Typology: Lecture notes

2019/2020

Available from 06/19/2022

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Polytechnic University of the Philippines
Contemporary World
Global Food Security: The Challenge of Feeding the World
What is Food Security?
The availability at all times of adequate world food supplies of basic foodstuffs to sustain a
steady expansion of food consumption and to offset fluctuations in production and prices. (1974, UN
World Food Conference)
Pillars of Food Security
1. Availability
2. Access
3. Utilization
4. Stability
Food Security and Human Security
1. Safety from such chronic threats as hunger, disease and repression.
2. Protection from sudden and hurtful disruptions in the patterns of daily life - whether in homes, in jobs
or in communities’.
3. Hunger - the most prevalent threat to human security, and one of the gravest.
4. Poverty - is the main cause of food insecurity, which is in turn linked more broadly to political security,
socio - economic development, human rights and the environment, placing it squarely at the heart of all
human security concerns.
5. The future of global food security relies on how states and other actors respond to range of complex,
interconnected and multifaceted forces affecting food systems around the world.
6. Artificial cheapening of traded food - the lower - cost and heavily subsidized food from developed
countries has been overwhelming the markets of developing countries, putting tremendous pressure on
smallholders in the latter to compete with cheaper food from abroad.
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Polytechnic University of the Philippines

Contemporary World

Global Food Security: The Challenge of Feeding the World

What is Food Security?

The availability at all times of adequate world food supplies of basic foodstuffs to sustain a steady expansion of food consumption and to offset fluctuations in production and prices. (1974, UN World Food Conference) Pillars of Food Security

  1. Availability
  2. Access
  3. Utilization
  4. Stability

Food Security and Human Security

  1. Safety from such chronic threats as hunger, disease and repression.
  2. Protection from sudden and hurtful disruptions in the patterns of daily life - whether in homes, in jobs or in communities’.
  3. Hunger - the most prevalent threat to human security, and one of the gravest.
  4. Poverty - is the main cause of food insecurity, which is in turn linked more broadly to political security, socio - economic development, human rights and the environment, placing it squarely at the heart of all human security concerns.
  5. The future of global food security relies on how states and other actors respond to range of complex, interconnected and multifaceted forces affecting food systems around the world.
  6. Artificial cheapening of traded food - the lower - cost and heavily subsidized food from developed countries has been overwhelming the markets of developing countries, putting tremendous pressure on smallholders in the latter to compete with cheaper food from abroad.

Global Food Security - Key Trends

  1. Rising Food Prices and Poverty
  2. Population Growth and Urbanization
  3. Rising Incomes and Changing Diets
  4. Bio-fuel Production, Land Use Change and Access to Land
  5. Climate Change

Emerging Responses to Calls for Global Food Security

  1. The surge in global food prices in 2007-8 was critical in putting global food security high on the agenda of governments, international institutions, regional organizations, NGOs and a host of other actors around the world.
  2. It continues to revolve heavily around the idea that growing more food is at the heart of the solution to global hunger and undernourishment.
  3. In order to grow more food, developing countries need to raise farm productivity, mainly through the adoption of “improved” technologies such as biotechnology, and better development infrastructure, both requiring greater investment.
  4. This investment is best seen as coming from the private sector or through private - public - partnerships (PPP) involving agribusiness, multinational corporations and private donors, and micro - finance rather than state credit is considered the most effective way forward.
  5. The integration of smallholders into national and global food markets is emphasized as vital in order to allow the former to benefit from higher global food prices.
  6. The official approach to food security stands either seriously challenged or explicitly rejected by those promoting alternative approaches to pursuing global food security for several reasons.
  7. Many prioritize food as a social need and a legal right, and emphasize agriculture as a multifunctional activity.
  8. The Right to Food movement for one directly challenges the commodification of food and calls upon governments to legalize the individual’s right to food as a fundamental human right.
  9. “The right to adequate food is realized when every man, woman and child, alone or in community with others, has the physical and economic access at all times to adequate food or means for its procurement”. (Committee on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights [CESCR])
  10. The concept of “food sovereignty” also embraces a rights - based approach to food, although it has much broader focus than the one taken up by the Right to Food movement and is far more critical of the emphasis on market - based solutions to hunger and malnourishment.
  11. The concept is viewed by many as “a new, alternative paradigm and driver of change challenging the