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A basic introduction to key concepts in ecology, covering fundamental definitions and relationships within ecosystems. It explores topics such as symbiosis, predator-prey interactions, food chains and webs, and the role of producers, consumers, and decomposers. The document also touches upon population dynamics, carrying capacity, and limiting factors. While it offers a starting point for understanding ecological principles, it lacks in-depth analysis and practical applications.
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Ecology
Scientific study of interactions among organisms and between organisms and their environment
Ecologist
Studies animals and the way they interact with their environment
Symbiosis
A relationship in which two different organisms live in close association with each other
Mutualism
A relationship between two species in which both species benefit
Commensalism
A relationship between two organisms of different species where one benefits and the other is neither harmed nor benefited
Parasitism
A relationship between two organisms of different species where one benefits and the other is harmed
Habitat
Place where an organism lives
Consumer
An organism that eats other organisms
Producer
An organism that can make its own food.
Herbivore
A consumer that eats only plants.
Carnivore
An animal that eats other animals
Omnivore
An animal that eats both plants and animals
Decomposer
An organism that breaks down wastes and dead organisms
Food Chain
A series of steps in which organisms transfer energy by eating and being eaten
A group of interdependent organisms inhabiting the same region and interacting with each other
Ecosystem
A system formed by the interaction of a community of organisms with their physical environment
Biosphere
Consists of all life on Earth and all parts of the Earth in which life exists, including land, water, and the atmosphere.
Solar System
A star orbited by planets.
Galaxy
A collection of stars, dust, and gas bound together by gravity
Universe
All of space and everything in it
Abiotic
Non-living
Biotic
Resources
Items needed to survive: water, air, space, light, shelter
Evolution
Change in a kind of organism over time; process by which modern organisms have descended from ancient organisms.
Carrying Capacity
The largest population that an area can support
Limiting Factors
Conditions in the environment that put limits on where an organism can live
Energy Pyramid
A diagram that shows the amount of energy that moves from one feeding level to another in a food web
