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Chapters 6-10 Class: BIOL 210 - Intro to Ecology and Evolution; Subject: Biology; University: University of Mary Washington; Term: Spring 2010;
Typology: Quizzes
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group of individuals of the same species occupying the same area TERM 2
DEFINITION 2 study of population dynamics for example: -patterns of growth -age & sex composition TERM 3
DEFINITION 3 def: overall distribution of population factors: -tolerance limits by species -barriers to dispersal (bodies of water, mtn ranges) -individuals restricted to suitable habitat within overall range includes where population exists at all stages in life cycle TERM 4
DEFINITION 4 caused by: -clumped resources -advantages in group living (defense/ increased foraging success) -tendency of offspring to stay close to their parents TERM 5
DEFINITION 5 caused by: -competition for resources -needing more space to grow
uniform environment no interaction with other species TERM 7
DEFINITION 7 unconformities in the habitat TERM 8
DEFINITION 8 -degree of unsuitability of intervening habitat -distance between subpopulations -mobility of species TERM 9
DEFINITION 9 metapopulation source sink model landscape model TERM 10
DEFINITION 10 sub populations occupy patches of a particular habitat type between which individuals move occasionally
evolutionary hypothesis explaining why most organisms reproduce sexually because organisms are constantly attacked by parasites and disease... there is pressure to create genetically variable offspring so that some of them have a chance of beating the disease of parasite. essentially, keep running to stay in the same place... stay one step ahead to stay alive TERM 17
DEFINITION 17 resource distribution, predation risk TERM 18
DEFINITION 18 individuals coexist, but do not share resources equitably TERM 19
DEFINITION 19 individuals defend exclusive access to the resource TERM 20
DEFINITION 20 all purpose, feeding, mating
benefits of territory ownership outweigh costs TERM 22
DEFINITION 22 benefits: exclusive access to resources and mates, more efficient use of time costs: time and energy spent on territorial defense, increased exposure during defense, risk of injury TERM 23
DEFINITION 23 B: reduced predation risk, increased foraging success, more parental care C: competition, disease, risk of exploitation TERM 24
DEFINITION 24 dilution effect: central individuals also shielded by peripheral individuals (selfish herd), confusion effect, early warning of predators, cooperative defense TERM 25
DEFINITION 25 copying, reduced viligance per individual; more time available for foraging, cooperative prey capture
direct + indirect fitness TERM 32
DEFINITION 32 when Br > C B = fitness benefit to recipient r = coefficient of relatedness C = fitness cost to donor TERM 33
DEFINITION 33 most altruistic sterile females develop from fetilized eggs (diploid) males develop from unfertilized eggs (haploid) Queens share 50% of genes w/ offspring Workers share 75% of genes with offspring workers are more closely related to others than to owm potential offspring TERM 34
DEFINITION 34 budding, parthenogenesis, propagules TERM 35
DEFINITION 35 offspring are genetically identical to parents and each other... clones
time and energy costs: male aquisition, attraction of pollinators cost of meiosis: each parent passes on half as much DNA (female cost is reduced if males contribute lots of parental care) TERM 37
DEFINITION 37 meiosis produces new genetic combinations, increasing parents reproductive success if offspring differ genetically, it is likely that more offspring will survive environmental change. TERM 38
DEFINITION 38 individuals of separate sexes TERM 39
DEFINITION 39 both male & female organs (hermaphroditic) TERM 40
DEFINITION 40 possess both sex organs at the same time: snails, flatworms, earthworms