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ARDMS Echo Practice Test | 2024 Questions
& Answers | 100% Correct | Verified
An M-mode of a mitral heterograft valve resembles an M-mode of which valve? a.Mitral b. Pulmonic c. Aortic d. Tricuspid - โโc If a patient has Starr-Edwards valve in both the mitral and aortic positions, mitral regurgitation might be best detected from which window? a. Subcostal b. Left parasternal c. Apical d. Suprasternal - โโa All of the following will cause aortic dilatation EXCEPT a. Marfan's Syndrome b. Systemic hypertension c. Type I dissection d. Pulmonary hypertension - โโd When using M-mode to interrogate a Starr-Edwards mitral valve which window could you use? a. Apical b. Suprasternal c. Parasternal d. Subcostal - โโa All of the following are etiologies for valvular endocarditis EXCEPT:
a. Marantic b. Pulmonary hypertension c. IV drug abuse d. Post cardiac surgery - โโb In endocarditis the vegetations usually attach on: a. Abnormal leaflets only b. The down-stream side of the valve c. The flow side of the valve d. Only one leaflet - โโc All of the following are examples of mechanical cardiac valves EXCEPT: a. Bjork-Shiley tilting disk b. Hancock c. Starr-Edwards ball valve d. St. Jude bi-leaflet - โโb Patients with Marfan syndrome often die from: a. Endocarditis b. Aortic regurgitation c. Aortic dissection d. Mitral valve prolapse - โโc All of the following are different types of endocarditis except: a. Aosinophilic b. Marantic c. Dressler's d. Libman-Sachs - โโc
c. Four d. One hundred and twenty-eight One - โโa The left ventricular diastolic pressure is comparable to which of the following pressures? a. Right ventricular diastolic b. Right ventricular systolic c. Aortic systolic d. Mean left atrial - โโd The anterior and apical wall of the left ventricle is supplied by which coronary artery? a. Right coronary artery b. Acute marginal c. Left anterior descending d. Left circumflex - โโc All of the following are frequencies used in adult chest wall echocardiograms EXCEPT: a. 3.5 MHz b. 2.5 MHz c. 4.5 MHz d. 6.0 MHz e. 2.0 MHz - โโd How do you position a patient for a TEE Exam? a. Supine b. Left lateral decubitus c. Supine with elevated head d. Trendelenburg - โโb
Which cardiac valve lies closest to the apex of the heart? a. Tricuspid b. Mitral c. Pulmonic d. Aortic - โโa Which of the following has the most impact on color Doppler jet size? a. Wall filter b. Doppler gain c. TGC gain d. Frame rate - โโb When using PEDOF continuous wave Doppler probe, the cardiac sonographer must rely on the: a. Valve that is visualized on the screen b. Placement of the cursor on the 2D image c. Spectral display in comparison to the EKG d. Size of the Doppler gate - โโc Externally where is the left anterior descending coronary artery found? a. Anterior interventricular sulcus b. Posterior interventricular sulcus c. Anterior coronary sinus d. Atrioventricular sulcus - โโa A prominent Eustachian valve is seen in the right atrium, the Eustachian valve is: a. A portion of the atrial septum which is patent before birth and does not fuse after delivery b. Normal valve of the superior vena cava commonly seen in the subcostal view
On M-mode echocardiography late diastolic dip seen on the pulmonic valve is called the : a. "c" notch b. "b" dip c. "a" dip d. "b" notch - โโc When transporting a patient with a urinary catheter, the bag should always be: a. Below the patient's heart b. Level with the patient's heart c. Below the patient's bladder d. Above the patient's bladder - โโc Doppler views for evaluating the severity of Aortic stenosis include: a. Subcostal four chamber view, suprasternal notch and left sternal border b. Apical long axis view, suprasternal notch and right sternal border c. Apical long axis view, subcostal short axis and right sternal border d. Apical four chamber view, suprasternal notch and right sternal border - โโb Surgically what happens during a Mustard procedure? a. The SVC is connected to the right pulmonary artery b. Baffles at the atrial level redirect blood flow into the ventricles c. A valve conduit is positioned between the RV and the pulmonary artery d. The right ventricle is connected to the pulmonary via a conduit - โโb The major development of the heart is complete by the end of week: a. Ten b. Four
c. Seven d. Three - โโc Patients develop Eisenmenger's syndrome because: a. They have a ventricular septal defect b. Pulmonary pressures now exceed systemic c. Systemic pressures now exceed pulmonary d. Tricuspid regurgitation is now severe - โโb The hemodynamic effect of an atrial septal defect depends on all of the following EXCEPT: a. Degree of aortic regurgitation b. Response of the pulmonary vascular bed c. Compliance of the ventricles d. Size and direction of the shunt - โโa The most common form of cyanotic congenital heart disease is: a. Coarctation of the aorta b. Tetralogy of Fallot c. Pulmonary stenosis d. Atrial septal defects - โโb Which of the following statements are true about tetralogy of fallot defects? a. Has an atrial septal defect b. Pulmonary stenosis is valvular c. VSD with R to L shunting d. Made up of five defects - โโc If a large patent ductus arteriosus is not corrected what might develop?
Patients with Ebstein's anomaly often have an associated congenital abnormality. Which is the most common one? a. Primum atrial septal defect b. Secundum atrial septal defect c. Perimembanous ventricular septal defect d. Membranous ventricular septal defect - โโb Peripheral (saline) contrast is NOT useful in: a. Atrial septal defects b. Tricuspid regurgitation c. Ventricular septal defects d. Aortic regurgitation - โโd In patients that develop Eisenmengers syndrome what happens? a. Spontaneous closure of the shunt b. The shunt reverses direction and is not L to R c. The shunt reverses direction and is R to L d. The shunt suddenly becomes worse - โโc A 3 year old patient comes in to the echo lab with a murmur, what is most likely the etiology? a. Patent ductus arteriosus b. Atrial septal defect c. Ventricular septal defect - โโc Given tricuspid regurgitation with a 64 mmHg gradient, the severity of pulmonary hypertension is: a. None b. Moderate c. Severe
d. Mild - โโc The communication between the aorta and the pulmonary artery that may persist after birth is called: a. Patent foramen ovale b. Persistent fetal circulation c. Persistent ductus arteriosus d. Patent ductus arteriosus - โโd Ebstein's anomaly involves the downward displacement of the tricuspid valve leaflets into the right ventricle. A portion of the right ventricle becomes: a. Atrialized b. A VSD c. An ASD d. A patent foramen ovale - โโa All of the following are indications for a stress echo EXCEPT: a. Aid in the diagnosis of chest pain b. Evaluate cardiac arrhythmias c. Guide post MI rehab d. Increase in revenue compared to nuclear studies - โโd The treatment of choice for constrictive pericarditis is: a. Pericardiectomy b. Pericardiocentesis c. Cardiac transplantation d. Pericardial tap - โโa What might be the first indication of metastatic cardiac stress disease? a. Myxoma
Children with tuberous sclerosis complex (TSC) develop what type of cardiac tumors? a. Rhabdomyomas b. Rhabdomyosarcomas c. Right atrial myxomas d. Left atrial myxomas - โโa Which of the following is a complication of a myocardial infarction? a. Pericardial effusion b. Atrial septal defect c. Stroke d. Headache - โโa What type of myocardial infarction causes papillary muscle rupture? a. Inferior b. Transmural c. Anterior d. Posterior - โโa The apex of the apical 4 chamber view is fed by which coronary artery? a. Left circumflex b. Left anterior descending c. Left first marginal d. Right coronary artery - โโb Which of the following pathologies would most likely affect coronary artery circulation? a. Pulmonic stenosis b. Mitral regurgitation c. Mitral stenosis
d. Aortic regurgitation - โโd In parasternal long axis view a pericardial effusion would be located a. Not seen in this view b. Anterior to the ascending aorta c. Anterior to the descending aorta d. Posterior to the descending aorta - โโc Which coronary artery supplies the interatrial septum? a. Circumflex coronary artery b. Left anterior descending c. Right coronary d. Left main coronary - โโc During a stress echocardiogram only one of these left ventricular segments can be seen in the apical two chamber view: a. Apical-septal b. Basal-septal c. Mid-anteroseptal d. Mid-anterior - โโd What would you look for in a patient with Kawasaki disease? a. Dilated cardiomyopathy b. Coronary artery aneurysms c. Left atrial mass d. Atrial septal defect e. Pericardial effusion - โโb
a. Unaffected by R-R intervals b. Lower following long R-R intervals c. Higher following short R-R intervals d. Higher following Long R-R intervals - โโd All of the following are findings in patients with congestive (dilated) cardiomyopathy except: a. Increased aortic root excursion b. Reduced mitral valve excursion c. Global hypokinesis d. Dilated left ventricle e. Left ventricular hypertrophy - โโa Patients with Chagas Disease might develop which type of cardiomyopathy? a. Hypertrophic b. Ischemic c. Infiltrative d. Congestive e. Restrictive - โโd Another echocardiographic term for systolic, high velocity and late peaking jet in the left ventricular outflow tract by continuous wave Doppler is: a. Dagger shaped b. Elliptical shape c. Rounded shape d. Classic shape - โโa Patients with IHSS and a high resting outflow gradient may be offered which of the following treatments? a. Lipitor medical therapy b. Contrast septal ablation
c. Surgical septal myectomy d. Sublingual nitroglycerin - โโc M-mode findings in a patient with idiopathic hypertophic subaortic stenosis (IHSS) might include all of the following except: a. Mid-systolic closure of the aortic valve b. Systolic anterior motion of the mitral valve c. Asymmetric septal hypertrophy d. Mitral valve prolapse - โโd All the following Doppler findings in patients with hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy (HOCM) except: a. Outflow gradient that increases with Valsalva maneuver b. Increased A-to-E ratio on mitral inflow c. Subaortic turbulence by color flow d. Outflow gradient that decreases with a Valsalva Maneuver e. Late peaking systolic spectral trace - โโa Patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy usually have an ejection fraction in the range of: a. 40-55% b. 10-20% c. 25-35% d. 50-65% e. 70-80% - โโe What is the proper technique for Dopplering the pulmonary venous inflow looking for diastolic dysfunction. a. Apical 4ch, pulsed Doppler, 1-2 cm in the pulmonary vein b. Apical 2 ch, color Doppler, 1-2 cm in the pulmonary vein c. Apical 4 ch, color Doppler, 1-2 cm in the pulmonary vein
e. Normal left atrial size - โโb Patients with congestive cardiomyopathy usually have an ejection fraction in the range of: a. 50-65% b. 70-80% c. 10-20% d. 40-55% e. 25-35% - โโc All of the following are etiologies for congestive (dilated) cardiomyopathies except: a. Viral b. Hemochromatosis c. Metabolic d. Ischemic d. Peripartum - โโb A speckled or ground glass appearance of the left ventricular myocardium by 2D echocardiography is commonly seen in patients with: a. Dilated cardiomyopathy b. Amyloid heart disease c. Ischemic heart disease d. Systemic hypertension - โโb The ratio of early transmitral (E) to atrial (A) Doppler filling velocities are influenced by all of the following factors Except: a. Delayed left ventricular relaxation b. Patients age c. Transducer frequency d. Left ventricular preload - โโc
Which of the following is an echocardiographic finding in patients with dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM)? a. Exaggerated E-point to septal separation b. Exaggerated aortic root excursion c. Increased mitral valve excursion d. Increased ventricular function e. B-notch on the M-mode - โโe A patient presents with a 10 year old ball-cage prosthetic valve in the mitral position with new perivalvular leak. What might be the cause? a. Cardiac tamponade b. Pulmonary hypertension c. Systemic hypertension d. Ring abscess - โโd Patients with an aortic coarctation commonly have blood pressure in the legs: a. Higher than the right arm b. Equal to the right arm c. Lower than the right arm d. Unable to record - โโc What type of valve is a St. Jude? a. Bi-disk b. Bioprosthetic c. Pericardial d. One leaflet - โโa The Majority of organisms attach to the _______die of the atrioventricular valves: a. Ventricular
