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EC-6 EXAM NEWEST 2025 ACTUAL EXAM COMPLETE 200 QUESTIONS AND CORRECT DETAILED ANSWERS (V, Exercises of Health sciences

Haverford CollegeHealth sciences

EC-6 EXAM NEWEST 2025 ACTUAL EXAM COMPLETE 200 QUESTIONS AND CORRECT DETAILED ANSWERS (VERIFIED ANSWERS) |ALREADY GRADED A+

Typology: Exercises

2024/2025

Available from 06/29/2025

drkingori
drkingori 🇺🇸

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EC-6 EXAM NEWEST 2025 ACTUAL EXAM
COMPLETE 200 QUESTIONS AND CORRECT
DETAILED ANSWERS (VERIFIED ANSWERS)
|ALREADY GRADED A+
1. acute coronary syndromes - answerEsmolol, labetalol,
nitroglycerin, nicardipine, or sodiumnitroprusside• Use
caution with non-DHP CCBs; avoid Beta Blockers in
thesetting of reduced EF, HR < 60 bpm, SBP < 100 mmHg,
2ndor 3rd degree heart block, or reactive airway disease
2. what can BB blockers mask signs of - answerhypoglycemia
3. what can nicardapine cause - answerreflex tachycardia
4. what can riocugat not be used with - answerin combo with
tadalafil or sildenafil
5. What can you use in pregnancy ASWERmethyldopa,
labetolol, and nifedipine
6. what do direct arterial vasodilators need to be given with
ASWERdiuretic and beta blocker
7. what does a positive test consist of ASWERdrop in mPAP >
10 mmHg w/PAP less than 40 mmHgw/stable-improved
cardiac outpu
8. what does clevidipine induce ASWERatrial fibrillation
9. what formulations are preferred ASWERextended release
10. acute decompensated HF with pulmonary edema
ASWERNitroglycerin or sodium nitroprusside (nicardipine
andclevidipine are acceptable alternatives)• Avoid Beta
Blockers and non-DHP CCBs
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Partial preview of the text

Download EC-6 EXAM NEWEST 2025 ACTUAL EXAM COMPLETE 200 QUESTIONS AND CORRECT DETAILED ANSWERS (V and more Exercises Health sciences in PDF only on Docsity!

COMPLETE 200 QUESTIONS AND CORRECT

DETAILED ANSWERS (VERIFIED ANSWERS)

|ALREADY GRADED A+

  1. acute coronary syndromes - answerEsmolol, labetalol, nitroglycerin, nicardipine, or sodiumnitroprusside• Use caution with non-DHP CCBs; avoid Beta Blockers in thesetting of reduced EF, HR < 60 bpm, SBP < 100 mmHg, 2ndor 3rd degree heart block, or reactive airway disease
  2. what can BB blockers mask signs of - answerhypoglycemia
  3. what can nicardapine cause - answerreflex tachycardia
  4. what can riocugat not be used with - answerin combo with tadalafil or sildenafil
  5. What can you use in pregnancy ASWERmethyldopa, labetolol, and nifedipine
  6. what do direct arterial vasodilators need to be given with ASWERdiuretic and beta blocker
  7. what does a positive test consist of ASWERdrop in mPAP > 10 mmHg w/PAP less than 40 mmHgw/stable-improved cardiac outpu
  8. what does clevidipine induce ASWERatrial fibrillation
  9. what formulations are preferred ASWERextended release
  10. acute decompensated HF with pulmonary edema ASWERNitroglycerin or sodium nitroprusside (nicardipine andclevidipine are acceptable alternatives)• Avoid Beta Blockers and non-DHP CCBs

COMPLETE 200 QUESTIONS AND CORRECT

DETAILED ANSWERS (VERIFIED ANSWERS)

|ALREADY GRADED A+

  1. Acute vasoreactivity testing, positive responder ASWERCCB
  2. adverse effects ASWERhyperkalemia, hyperglycemia, increased uric acid
  3. adverse effects ASWERPalpitations, tachycardia, chest pain, GI side effects, headache, hematologicdyscrasias, hepatotoxicity, lupus-like syndrome/rash (hydralazine), fluidretention, hair growth (minoxidil)
  4. Adverse effects of thiazides ASWERHypokalemia
  5. Hypomagnesemia
  6. Hypercalcemia
  7. Hypertriglyceridemia
  8. Hyperglycemia
  9. Hyperuricemia
  10. AKI ASWERMost IV antihypertensives are acceptable• Use caution with sodium nitroprusside; avoid enalaprilat
  11. aldosterone antagonists contraindications ASWERHyperkalemia, hyponatremia, gynecomastia(spironolactone
  12. Aliskiren adverse effects ASWERdiarrhea, muscoloskeletal effects, dizziness, headache, hyperkalemia

COMPLETE 200 QUESTIONS AND CORRECT

DETAILED ANSWERS (VERIFIED ANSWERS)

|ALREADY GRADED A+

  1. Class I ASWERSymptom-free when physically active or resting
  2. Class II ASWER•Slight limitation of physical activity - ordinary activity may cause symptoms.•Comfortable at res
  3. Class III ASWERMarked limitation in physical activity - less than ordinary activity causes symptoms•Comfortable at rest
  4. Class IV ASWERSignificant symptoms with activity•Symptoms at rest
  5. common causes of hypertensive crisis ASWERChronic Hypertension• Medication Non-Adherence• Medication/Substance Related• Pregnancy• Renal Disease• Endocrine Disorders
  6. common prostacyclin errors ASWERflushing of line, calculation or concentration error, pump turned off, programming error
  7. Diabetes.... diabetes with albuminuria ASWERwithout- any first line
  8. with (300 or more)-ACE or ARB
  9. Dihydropyridine CCB adverse effects/ warnings/drug interactions ASWERReflex tachycardia, flushing, dizziness, headache, peripheral edema(dose-related), gingival hyperplasia

COMPLETE 200 QUESTIONS AND CORRECT

DETAILED ANSWERS (VERIFIED ANSWERS)

|ALREADY GRADED A+

  1. •Warnings:• Increased risk of angina/MI in patients with obstructive coronary disease dueto reflex tachycardia•
  2. Drug interactions:• Grapefruit juice• CYP3A4 enzyme inducers/inhibitors
  3. direct arterial vasodilators caution with ASWERCVA• Renal impairment• CAD• Liver disease• SLE
  4. ecemplasia/Preclampsia ASWERHydralazine, labetalol, or nicardipine• Contraindicated: enalaprilat and nitroprusside
  5. effects of PAH ASWERRight side of heart hasdifficulty pumping againsthigh pulmonary pressures• Leads to right ventricularfailure
  6. endothelial pathway ASWEREndothelin Receptor Antagonists•
  7. Bosentan• Ambrisentan• Macitentan
  8. Examples of thiazide diuretics ASWERChlorothiazide
  9. Hydrochlorothiazide
  10. Metolazone
  11. Indapamide
  12. FC I- treatment naive ASWERcontinued monitoring

COMPLETE 200 QUESTIONS AND CORRECT

DETAILED ANSWERS (VERIFIED ANSWERS)

|ALREADY GRADED A+

  1. Chronic anti-hypertensive effects:• Stroke volume returns to normal → decrease in PVR (below pretreatment levels)
  2. how is it diagnosed ASWERechocardiogram, right heart catherization (confirms diagnosis), exercise test, biomarkers
  3. how long for ERAS to work ASWER 8 - 10 weeks
  4. How many classes of PAH ASWER 4
  5. how many times are aldosterone antagonists given ASWER1 or 2
  6. how many times are loop diuretics given daily ASWER 1 or 2
  7. how many times are mixed beta/alpha blockers given ASWERtwice
  8. how many times are they given ASWER 1 - 2 a day
  9. how often are they given ASWER1 or 2 times a day
  10. How often are thiazides given ASWERonce a day
  11. hypertension emergency side effects ASWERHeadache• Chest pain• Shortness of breath• Back

COMPLETE 200 QUESTIONS AND CORRECT

DETAILED ANSWERS (VERIFIED ANSWERS)

|ALREADY GRADED A+

pain• Numbness/weakness• Change in vision• Difficulty speakin

  1. hypertensive emergency ASWERSystolic BP > 180 and/or Diastolic BP > 120• Evidence of target organ damage (new or worsening)
  2. hypertensive emergency goals ASWERHour 1: Reduce BP by max of 25%• Hours 2 - 6: Reduce BP < 160/100- 110• Hours 6 - 48: Reduce BP to goal
  3. hypertensive emergency should be treated with ASWERIV meds
  4. hypertensive urgency ASWERSystolic BP > 180 and/or Diastolic BP > 120• No evidence of target organ damage
  5. hypertensive urgency- indication? ASWERno indication for-
  6. Referral to emergency department• Immediate reduction in blood pressure (overcorrection may causeharm and offers no benefit)• Hospitalization
  7. if a CCB is needed in the setting of heart failure, choose ASWERamlodipine
  8. if potassium becomes greater than 5.5, what do you do ASWERconsider holding dose or reducing it

COMPLETE 200 QUESTIONS AND CORRECT

DETAILED ANSWERS (VERIFIED ANSWERS)

|ALREADY GRADED A+

  1. nondip adverse effects, interactions, and contraindications ASWER•Adverse effects:• Bradycardia, headache, dizziness, AV node block, systolic heart failure, gingivalhyperplasia, constipation (verapamil>diltiazem)•
  2. Drug interactions:• Concomitant use of beta blockers (increases risk of heart block)• Grapefruit juice• CYP3A enzyme inducers/inhibitors (3A4 substrates)•
  3. Contraindications• Heart block• Left ventricular dysfunction
  4. PAH epidemiology ASWERmean age 50, 4x as common in women, under recognized
  5. PAH prognosis ASWERmedian survival 6 years, 15% die in 1 year
  6. Patients with HTN and stable ischemic heart disease first line is... ASWERbeta blockers and ACE/ARBS
  7. Peripheral edema is ASWERdose dependent
  8. Post kidney transplant ASWERdihydropyridine CCB
  9. pulmonary arterial hypertension ASWERProgressive disease involving endothelial dysfunction elevated pulmonaryarterial pressure and pulmonary vascular resistance

COMPLETE 200 QUESTIONS AND CORRECT

DETAILED ANSWERS (VERIFIED ANSWERS)

|ALREADY GRADED A+

  1. pulmonary arterial hypertension causes ASWERUnknown (idiopathic)- Genetic- Drug and toxin exposure- Disease associated with PAH: CHD, HIV,connective tissue disorders
  2. pulmonary arterial wedge pressure ASWEREstimates left atrial pressure- Normal = 4-12 mmHg- Elevated numbers signal LV failure or mitral stenosis
  3. Pulmonary hypertension ASWERhigher than normal blood pressure in thearteries that carry blood away from the heart into the lung
  4. pulmonary hypertension value ASWERMean pulmonary artery pressure (MPAP) ≥ 20 mmHg at rest
  5. resistant HTN ASWERfailure to attain goal BP while adherent to a regimen that includes at least 3 agents at maximum dose (including a diuretic) or when 4 or more agents are needed
  6. resistant HTN risk factors ASWERolder age, obesity, CKD, diabetes, African American
  7. risk factors for hypertensive crisis ASWERObesity• Female Gender• History of CV disease• Higher number of prescribed antihypertensive medications• Nonadherence with antihypertensive medications

COMPLETE 200 QUESTIONS AND CORRECT

DETAILED ANSWERS (VERIFIED ANSWERS)

|ALREADY GRADED A+

  1. what are bad side effects of CN2 agonists ASWERCNS depression, dizziness, fatigue, anticholinergic effects,bradycardia, reflex tachycardia, fluid retentio
  2. what are the oral prostacyclins ASWERtreprostinil (orenitram) and selexipag
  3. What are thiazides and loop diuretics contraindicated with ASWERSulfa allergies
  4. what can all prostacyclins cause ASWERthrombocytopenia
  5. what happens with nitroglycerin ASWERtolerance with prolonged use (max 24-48 hours)
  6. what is an example of combo therapy ASWERambrisentan and tadalafil
  7. what is example of mono therapy besides CCB ASWERERA, riocugat, or PDE-5 inhibitor
  8. what is required with ERAS ASWERmonthly pregnancy test and LFTS/hemoglobin as needed
  9. what is the progression for adding on if you are on a PDE-5 inhibitor ASWERadd ERA and then add inhaled prostacyclin

COMPLETE 200 QUESTIONS AND CORRECT

DETAILED ANSWERS (VERIFIED ANSWERS)

|ALREADY GRADED A+

  1. What kind of dose response curve do loop diuretics have ASWERhigh ceiling.. may need higher dose with renal function issues
  2. what kind of routine monitoring is required for CCBs ASWERnone
  3. What population may benefit from nondihydropyridine CCB ASWERSupraventricular tachyarrhythmias (Afib)• Pts w/ angina who can not tolerate a beta blocker
  4. what type of CCBs have the most vasodilation ASWERdihydropyridines
  5. When are all diuretics given ASWERmorning
  6. When are electrolytes and renal function measured ASWERbaseline, 1-2 weeks after, 3-4 weeks after for loop and aldosterone antagonists, and then every 6-12 months
  7. when are ISA BB avoided ASWERheart failure and IHD
  8. When are loop diuretics preferred over thiazides ASWERIf CrCl is less than 30
  9. when are potassium and renal function measured for ACE and ARB ASWERbaseline, 1-2 weeks after (1 week for elderly), 3-4 weeks (only if there is elevation at 1- 2 weeks) and every 6-12 months

COMPLETE 200 QUESTIONS AND CORRECT

DETAILED ANSWERS (VERIFIED ANSWERS)

|ALREADY GRADED A+

  1. which dihydropyridines are given twice a day ASWERNicardapine and Isradipine
  2. which dihydropyridines should be avoided ASWERshort acting ones (nifedipine and nicardapine)
  3. which drug is an adjunct, not mono therapy ASWEResmolol
  4. which drug is often used inappropriately in hypertensive emergency ASWERclonidine
  5. which drugs are good options for PM dosing to ensure BP dipping overnight ASWERACE and ARB
  6. which inhaled is more common ASWERtyvaso
  7. which is worst endothelial receptor antagonist ASWERbosentan
  8. which med has quickest onset ASWERsodium nitroprusside
  9. which med is contraindicated with soy/egg allergy ASWERckevedipine
  10. which meds are not titratable IV infusion ASWERhydrazaline

COMPLETE 200 QUESTIONS AND CORRECT

DETAILED ANSWERS (VERIFIED ANSWERS)

|ALREADY GRADED A+

  1. which one is available SubQ ASWERtreprostinil
  2. which one is more rare ASWERpulmonary arterial hypertension
  3. which trial evaluated if triple therapy was more effective ASWERTRITION
  4. which trial showed the double (combo) therapy is good ASWERAMBITION
  5. who are direct arterial vasodilators reserved for ASWERpatients with special indications (Severe CKD or hemodialysis)
  6. who benefits extra from dihydropyridines ASWERpts with reynauds or elderly patients with isolated systolic HTN
  7. who is IV reserved for ASWERpatients that can't tolerate SubQ
  8. Why is epoprostenol bad ASWERshort half life, ice pack needed, need to live close to ER
  9. why should blood pressure be lowered slowly? ASWERthe blood pressure should be lowered gradually to prevent dysfunction of the brain from low perfusion