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Dynamics of Healthcare Rutgers Test
Bank Review Questions and Correct
Answers Latest Edition 2025-
Graded A
a better understanding of ________ and _______ made the discovery of several life-saving medications and vaccines possible. - ANSgerms and diseases. An organism's potential to produce disease in a person depends on what factors? - ANSNumber of organisms in exposure, virulence of organism, strength of persons immune system, and length of intimacy/contact Athletic trainer - ANSprevent and treat athletic injuries and provide rehabilitative services to athletes Be able to differentiate one profession team from a multidisciplinary team. Give examples. - ANSOne profession team: nursing team Multidisciplinary team: trama team Cardiovascular technologist/Sonographer - ANSConducts tests on pulmonary or cardiovascular systems of patients Clinical laboratory scientist/technologist - ANSWorks to analyze a variety of biological specimens
Cytotechnologists - ANSSpecialists in identifying cells and cellular abnormalities Define (and give their relative value in protecting us from infection) Medical asepsis: Sterilization: Disinfection: Hard washing: - ANSMedical asepsis: measures taken to control the number of pathogens spread Sterilization: all forms of germs cleaned off of surfaces Disinfection: kills most pathogens (Clorox wipe) Hard washing: washes away most germs found on hands Define altruism. - ANSA concern for the welfare and well-being of others. Define and differentiate licensure, registration, and certification. - ANSLicensure: gov agency authorization Registration: written record Certification: document saying completed requirements Define and examples of verbal, nonverbal and written communication. Good verbal communication includes________________ Good non-verbal communication includes_________________ Good written communication includes_________________ - ANSBody language, clear writing and speaking clearly Polite tone Sighs, sobs, laughs, gestures letters, meetings, chats
Define healthcare team. - ANSProfessionals with a variety of health related backgrounds, experiences and education. Define human dignity. - ANSProtecting patients privacy/wishes. Define leadership. - ANSThe ability to influence others wile working to a goal. Define medical coding. - ANSThe set of symbols/numbers used to communicate diagnosis/treatment. Define nosocomial infections. Give examples. How they spread? - ANSA disease originating in a hospital. Spread by contact ex. UTI, bloodstream infection, pneumonia, surgical site of infection Define personal protective equipment (PPE) and give examples and when to wear it. - ANSEquipment used to help prevent the spread of diseases. Wear when exposed to biohazards material. Define standard precautions. What standard precautions do you take to prevent transmissions? - ANSEnsure the safety of healthcare workers and their patients. ex. washing hands, avoid direct contact, appropriate ppe. Define team. - ANSA group of people working together to achieve the same result.
Define telemedicine, tele-monitoring and telesurgery. - ANSTelemedicine: the transfer of medical information through interactive, visual media. Tele- monitoring: information technology to monitor patients at a distance Telesurgery: combines multimedia, telecommunication, and robotic technologies to provide surgical care from distance. Define telemedicine. - ANSVirtual treatment given over electronics. Define treatment plan. - ANSA detailed plan with information about patients and length of treatment. Definition of bacteriostatic. What is the effect on the organism? - ANSThe agent that prevents growth of bacteria (stalled at the growth stage). Dental assistent - ANSAt a dentists chair-side, helps with x-rays Dental hygienist - ANSWorks under supervision of a dentist to remove stains and deposits from the teeth and expose and develop radiographs (x- rays) Dentist - ANSSpecialist who treats disorders of teeth Describe negligence. - ANSCarelessness, not following proper standard of care Describe patient autonomy. - ANSPlanning a patients care in partnership with them.
Durable power of attorney: designates someone to make decisions on behalf of the patient Differentiate between race and ethnicity. - ANSRace: when people share visible physical characteristics. Ethnicity: people who identify with a common national origin or cultural heritage. Differentiate civil rights, constitutional rights, and human rights. - ANSCivil rights: basic legal rights held by all US citizens Constitutional rights: rights afforded to citizens through the US constitution Human rights: fundamental rights of all people regardless of citizenship Differentiate dominant groups from minority groups. - ANSDominant group is usually the largest group and controls societies values. Minority groups have physical or cultural characteristics that identify people within it as different. Differentiate EMR (Electronic Medical Records) from EHR (Electronic Health Records). - ANSEMR: more narrow view (patients medical history) EHR: more comprehensive Differentiate Health insurance obtained through the government and an employer. - ANSGovernment: low coverage, for old, disabled or low income people Employer: better coverage, different plans with amounts of coverage
Differentiate leadership styles: Autocratic: Democratic: Laissez-faire: - ANSAutocratic: leader controls decisions and activities Democratic: leader shares decisions and activities Laissez-faire: leader hands over power to group Differentiate Medicare and Medicaid. Who qualifies for each? - ANSMedicare: 65 and older Medicaid: low income and disabled Differentiate preferred provider organization (PPO), health maintenance organization (HMO) and point of service plan (POS) - ANSPPO: patients can receive care from non-plan provider with higher cost HMO: coverage only if case is delivered with in-plan provider POS: physician coordinated plan that combines HMO and PPO Differentiate Tay-Saches, Keloids, Lactose defiance/intolerance, sickle cell anemia. - ANSTay-Saches: eastern European Jewish decent, progressively destroys nerve cells in the brain/spinal cord Keloids: more prevalent it darker skins, overgrowth of connective tissues that forms when injury heals Lactose defiance/intolerance: Hispanic, African, Chinese, Tai decent, decent bloating and dihareah after ingesting lactose Sickle cell anemia: african and meditrainian decent, misshapen red blood cells
Explain the importance of protecting patients rights. - ANSAdvocacy is to support the best intrest of all patients and concert so patients are educated/aware. Explain the roles of the following organizations: OSHA(Occupational Safety and Health Administration) CDC(Centers for Disease Control and Prevention) EPA(Environmental Protection Agency) - ANSOSHA(Occupational Safety and Health Administration): federal agency, that ensures the safety of workers, enforces health legislation, and requires facilities to keep practices/policies CDC(Centers for Disease Control and Prevention): a federal agency, dedicated to the prevention of diseases, injury, and disability, requires that all body fluids be treated as infectious EPA(Environmental Protection Agency): sets policies and guidelines for disposing of hazardous materials. individual states determine protocols based on guidelines. Explain the spread of disease in prehistoric times - ANSPeople lived in small communities with unsanitary living conditions. Health information coder - ANSAssign numerical codes to identify patients' diseases, injuries, and conditions and the services they receive. HIPPA! What is HIPPA? What is considered confidential? (If given a case study, can you pick out the infraction?) - ANSHealth insurance portability
and accountability act. Confidential info includes name, age, email, social security #, address, phone #, medical history, diagnosis, ext. How a patient responds to pain often depends on their cultural background. Describe some different expressions of pain. - ANSSome cultures encourage expression of pain while others frown upon display of pain. How are computers used in healthcare? - ANSHelps operate more effectively and cost efficiently. Used with administrations, billing statements and reduces amount of paper used. How are volunteer agencies funded? - ANSPrivate donations, grants, and fundraisers. How can healthcare professionals keep their technology skills up-to-date? - ANSProperly trained in order to get the maximum benefit from any computer or software. How does a Problem-Oriented Medical Record (POMR) differ from a Source-Oriented Medical Record (SOMR)? - ANSPOMR is the list of patient's problems in order SOMR organized source in the chart of patient records How is eustress different from distress? - ANSEustress is good stress witch pushes you to succeed while distress makes you feel overwhelmed.
Control: monitor and evaluate the work being done Identify differences among individuals based on socioeconomic factors, age, and religion. - ANSSome religions believe differently about what is necessary to have treated by a doctor. Identify major healthcare events through out the ages. - ANSHealthcare in the military and space. Identify possible team member roles. (There are 5.) - ANSTeam leader, recorder/secretary, spokes person, resource, implements. Identify some benefits resulting from improved noninvasive and robotic surgical skills. - ANSless experienced surgeons can get training in advanced surgical techniques from experts. Identify some characteristics of good medical documentation. - ANSAccurate, complete, concise, legible, well organized. Identify the 5 steps in the basic problem soling approach. (The problem- solving technique used by most healthcare professionals). - ANSIdentify the problem (define clearly), identify possible solutions ( collect data and think of solutions), select the best option, Implement the solution (wait time to see hoe solution works), and evaluate the result (reassess situation, make adjustments as needed).
Identify the values, ethics, and code of conduct expected of health care professionals. - ANSEthics reflects on values of a certain group. Values are a standard of ones behavior. Code of conduct is shared values that professionals must follow Identify three benefits of proper nutrition. - ANSAdequate fuel for the body, healthy foods, and healthy body weight. Immunohematology technologists - ANSCollect blood, classify it by type and prepare it for transfusions Importance of accreditation in selecting a health care educational program:
- ANSHelps organizations and improve quality of care In the communication process, the person who transmits the message_____________ the information the sender conveys__________________ the person who gets the message____________________ evaluation to ensure the message was understood_________________ - ANSSender Message Receiver Feedback In the Unites States, when speaking to a person, making eye contact demonstrates what? - ANSEngagement in conversation
Summarizing: review the information that you have obtained (chance to clarify) Silence: a natural part of the conversation, gather your own thoughts and formulate questions Medical assistent - ANSTrained to assist medical professionals wth office or medical tasks Medical sonographer - ANSPreform ultrasounds and treat certain medical conditions Medical Technologist - ANSPreform clinical lab procedures Medical transcriptionist - ANSEnsures that patients medical records are up to date Molecular biologist - ANSA scientist who studies the structure and activity of large molecules (such as DNA) that are essential to life Name cultural and ethnic differences that you may encounter in the workplace and explain how they may relate to healthcare - ANSPatients with different beliefs may not agree with a physicians instal treatment plan. Nurse - ANSObserves, records, helps tests, and explains treatments while being in direct patient care Nursing assistent - ANSAssists RN's
Occupational therapist - ANSHelp patients regain ADLs Outline the learning process (3 stages) and important strategies for learning. - ANSReception: taking in new information without knowing it Perception: giving information meaning Selection: recognizing information as important/unimportant Paramedic/EMT - ANSemergency medical technician with advanced training Pharmacist and pharmacy tech - ANSlicensed to prepare/dispence drugs and helps pharmacist Phlebotomist - ANSSpecialist trained in the collection of blood and specimans Physical therapists - ANSHelp patients reduce pain and improve or restore mobility Physician assistant - ANSAssesses, plans, and provides patient care while under supervision of a physician Physicians - ANSexamine patients, obtain medical histories, order tests, make diagnoses, perform surgery, treat diseases/disorders, and teach preventive health.
Understand diversity in healthcare practices including examples of folk medicine and natural remedies: - ANSCutaneous Stimulation: stimulation of skin through massage, vibration, heat or cold to reduce pain intensity Therapeutic touch: healer uses touch to transfer energy to patient Acupuncture: treats pain/disease through inserting special needles into the body Acupressure: deep pressure massage at certain points of the body Understand ethical decision making - ANSWhat is best for the patient and makes sence logically. What advice would you give a new medical student regarding proxemics or personal space? - ANSEveryone's needed personal space is different. ow close you stand should depend on your relationship with the patient. What advice would you give a new medical student regarding touch? - ANSTouch can create positive or negative feelings. What are 3 personal health habits that reduce stress and increase health? - ANSProper nutrition, exercise, and getting enough sleep. What are 3 ways that healthcare professionals can help stop the spread of disease? - ANSWash hands, clean gloves, and dispose of used items properly.
What are 4 basic leadership skills needed by health care professionals? - ANSCommunication, problem solving, management and self-evaluation. What are acronyms? - ANSWords created from the first letter of each word in a phrase. What are acrostics? - ANSPhrases/sentences created from the first letter of each word in a phrase. What are ADLs that are associated with stress production? - ANSDealing with excess demands, maintaining unrealistic expectations. What are computerized physician order entry systems (CPOE)? - ANSAllows licensed health care professionals to enter medical orders (reduces errors). What are cultural assimilations? Gives examples involving reactions to pain, gender roles, time orientation, food and nutrition preferences. - ANSCultural assimilation is when a person loses the cultural characteristics that once made them different. Response to pain is culturally influenced. What are current ethical dilemmas? - ANSCOVID-19, abortion laws, ect. What are different strategies for learning? - ANSReception: taking in new information without knowing it Perception: giving information meaning Selection: recognizing information as important/unimportant
