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An in-depth exploration of instruction set principles, including the three pillars of computer architecture: hardware, software, and instruction set. It covers topics such as stack, accumulator, and general purpose registers, operand addressing modes, instruction encoding, and multimedia and digital signal processing. The document also includes practice problems to test understanding.
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ISA Performance … Cont’d
MOV.S copies a single precision register to another of the same type
MOV.D copies a Double precision register to another of the same type
Three pillars of Computer Architecture
Hardware, Software and Instruction Set
Instruction Set Interface between hardware and software
Taxonomy of Instruction Set: Stack, Accumulator and General Purpose Register
Types and Size of Operands: Types: Integer, FP and Character Size: Half word, word, double word
Classification of operations Arithmetic, data transfer, control and support
Multimedia and Digital Signal Processing Operands
Multimedia and Digital Signal Processing operations
Multimedia and Digital Signal Processing issues
Result Rounding
Multiply Accumulate
Practice Problems
Solution to Practice Problem 1
a) The instruction count of Sequence 1 = 2+4+1 = 7 Sequence 2 = 1+1+4= 6 Result: Sequence 2 executes fewer instructions
b) To find which sequence is faster, we have to find the CPU clock cycles for each sequence
CPU Clock Cycles for sequence 1 = 2x2 + 3x4 + 4x1 = 20 cycles CPU Clock Cycles for sequence 1 = 2x3 + 3x2 + 4x4 = 28 cycles
Result: Sequence 1 is faster
c) To find the CPI [ CPU Cycles/Instruction Count) of each sequence
CPI for sequence 1 = 20/7 = 2. CPI for sequence 2 = 28/6 = 4. Result: Sequence 2 which has fewer instructions has higher CPI, thus is slower
Practice Problems
Instruction Set Principles [Lecture 4-5]