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Salt Reactions and pH Properties, Study notes of Chemistry

Bradford School Chemistry

Information on the definition of salts, the completion of a table showing the ph values and acid-base properties of various salts, and the prediction of the products and ph changes when certain salts are added to water. It also includes the dissociation equations and ph effects for specific salts.

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2021/2022

Uploaded on 09/12/2022

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During Class Invention

Salts I Name__________________________

1. Define the term salt.

Salts are ionic compounds which are formed in a neutralization reaction

between an acid and a base. Salts can be characterized from the type of

acid and base which combine in the neutralization reaction. Salts can be

formed from the reaction of a strong acid and a strong base, a strong acid

and a weak base, a weak acid and a strong base or a weak acid and a weak

base.

2. Complete the following table.

Solution pH Equilibrium [H+] or [OH–] Acidic, basic or neutral

0.100 M NaCl 7 [H+] = [OH–] = 1 x 10-7 M neutral

0.100 M NaC2H3O28.9 [H+] = 1.34 x 10-9 M basic

[OH–] = 7.45 x 10-6 M

0.100 M NH4Cl 5.1 [H+] = 7.45 x 10-6 M acidic

[OH–] = 1.34 x 10-9 M

3. Predict the product of the neutralization reactions,

HCl(aq) + NaOH(aq) → NaCl(aq) + H2O(l)

HC2H3O2(aq) + NaOH(aq) → NaC2H3O2(aq) + H2O(l)

HCl(aq) + NH3(aq) → NH4Cl(aq)

4. In general, what is the acid-base property of any salt formed in the reaction

between a strong acid and a strong base?

NaCl is a neutral salt. In general, salts formed from the reaction between

a strong acid and a strong base are neutral.

5. In general, what is the acid-base property of any salt formed in the reaction

between a strong acid and a weak base?

NH4Cl is an acidic salt. In general, salts formed from the reaction

between a strong acid and a weak base are acidic.

6. In general, what is the acid-base property of any salt formed in the reaction

between a weak acid and a strong base?

NaC2H3O2 is an basic salt. In general, salts formed from the reaction

between a weak acid and a strong base are basic.

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During Class Invention Salts I Name__________________________

Define the term salt. Salts are ionic compounds which are formed in a neutralization reaction between an acid and a base. Salts can be characterized from the type of acid and base which combine in the neutralization reaction. Salts can be formed from the reaction of a strong acid and a strong base, a strong acid and a weak base, a weak acid and a strong base or a weak acid and a weak base.
Complete the following table. Solution pH Equilibrium [H+] or [OH–] Acidic, basic or neutral 0.100 M NaCl 7 [H+] = [OH–] = 1 x 10-^7 M neutral 0.100 M NaC 2 H 3 O 2 8.9 [H+] = 1.34 x 10-^9 M basic [OH–] = 7.45 x 10-^6 M 0.100 M NH 4 Cl 5.1 [H+] = 7.45 x 10-^6 M acidic [OH–] = 1.34 x 10-^9 M
Predict the product of the neutralization reactions, HCl (aq) + NaOH (aq) → NaCl (aq) + H 2 O (l) HC 2 H 3 O 2 (aq) + NaOH (aq) → NaC 2 H 3 O 2 (aq) + H 2 O (l) HCl (aq) + NH 3 (aq) → NH 4 Cl (aq)
In general, what is the acid-base property of any salt formed in the reaction between a strong acid and a strong base? NaCl is a neutral salt. In general, salts formed from the reaction between a strong acid and a strong base are neutral.
In general, what is the acid-base property of any salt formed in the reaction between a strong acid and a weak base? NH 4 Cl is an acidic salt. In general, salts formed from the reaction between a strong acid and a weak base are acidic.
In general, what is the acid-base property of any salt formed in the reaction between a weak acid and a strong base? NaC 2 H 3 O 2 is an basic salt. In general, salts formed from the reaction between a weak acid and a strong base are basic.

7a. Write the dissociation equation which describes what happens when NaC 2 H 3 O 2 (s) is added to water. NaC 2 H 3 O 2 (aq) + H 2 O (l) HC 2 H 3 O 2 (aq) + NaOH (aq) C 2 H 3 O 2 - (aq) + H 2 O (l) HC 2 H 3 O 2 (aq) + OH- (aq) net ionic equation b. Write the equation which describes the acidic character of Na+ (aq). Write the equilibrium expression and estimate Ka for Na+ (aq). Na+ (aq) + H 2 O (l) NaOH (aq) + H+ (aq) Ka = [NaOH][H+] [Na+] =^ Kw Kb =^ 1 x 10-^14 very large = very small c. Write the equation which describes the basic character of C 2 H 3 O 2 – (aq). Write the equilibrium expression and calculate the Kb for C 2 H 3 O 2 – (aq). C 2 H 3 O 2 - (aq) + H 2 O (l) HC 2 H 3 O 2 (aq) + OH- (aq) Kb =

[HC 2 H 3 O 2 ][OH-]

[C 2 H 3 O 2 - ] =^

Kw Ka =^ 1 x 10-^14 1.8 x 10-^5 = 5.6 x 10

10 d. Which of the two ions, Na+ (aq) or C 2 H 3 O 2 – (aq) , affects the pH of the solution? Explain why. C 2 H 3 O 2 – (aq) will affect the pH of the solution. Of the two ions formed when NaC 2 H 3 O 2 is added to water, only the C 2 H 3 O 2 – (aq) has an equilibrium constant which will change the pH of water. The equilibrium constant for Na+^ is so small that it does not change the pH of water. e. Predict the products when KCN (s) is added to water. Will the pH of the solution formed when the salt is added to water be greater or less than 7? KCN (s)

H 2 O

K+ (aq) + CN- (aq) CN-^ (aq) + H 2 O (l) HCN (aq) + OH-^ (aq) KCN is the salt of a strong base and a weak acid. The pH of the solution will be greater than 7.