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Driver Operator 197 Study State Questions: Fire Apparatus and Pumping Operations, Exams of European Computer Driving Licence (ECDL)

A series of questions and answers related to fire apparatus and pumping operations, covering topics such as pump types, pressure calculations, hydrant operations, and safety procedures. It provides a valuable resource for individuals preparing for driver operator certification exams or seeking to enhance their knowledge of fire service operations.

Typology: Exams

2024/2025

Available from 03/05/2025

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Driver Operator 197 Study State Questions
A Quad - โœ” โœ” What is an apparatus with a large compliment of
ground ladders but no aerial devices called?
1500 watts - โœ” โœ” How many watts do inverters generally provide?
50,000 watts - โœ” โœ” How many watts do vehicle mounted
generators provide?
No - โœ” โœ” Can hard suction hoses be connected to a hydrant?
Never - โœ” โœ” When can firefighters be allowed to ride tailboard?
50 - โœ” โœ” One 1000 gpm pumper should supply the FDC for every
_____ sprinkler heads flowing.
24 inches - โœ” โœ” How many inches of water minimum should there
be around the strainer when drafting?
cold water - โœ” โœ” With a new apparatus, during the first 6 months,
wash frequently with only what?
60 seconds - โœ” โœ” It should take no more than how long for air
pressure to build to a sufficient level to operate vehicle?
4 or 5 inches - โœ” โœ” What are the most common sizes for LDH supply
lines?
250 psi
3 minutes - โœ” โœ” Pumps are hydrostatically tested at what psi for
how long?
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Driver Operator 197 Study State Questions

A Quad - โœ” โœ” What is an apparatus with a large compliment of ground ladders but no aerial devices called?

1500 watts - โœ” โœ” How many watts do inverters generally provide?

50,000 watts - โœ” โœ” How many watts do vehicle mounted generators provide?

No - โœ” โœ” Can hard suction hoses be connected to a hydrant?

Never - โœ” โœ” When can firefighters be allowed to ride tailboard?

50 - โœ” โœ” One 1000 gpm pumper should supply the FDC for every _____ sprinkler heads flowing.

24 inches - โœ” โœ” How many inches of water minimum should there be around the strainer when drafting?

cold water - โœ” โœ” With a new apparatus, during the first 6 months, wash frequently with only what?

60 seconds - โœ” โœ” It should take no more than how long for air pressure to build to a sufficient level to operate vehicle?

4 or 5 inches - โœ” โœ” What are the most common sizes for LDH supply lines?

250 psi

3 minutes - โœ” โœ” Pumps are hydrostatically tested at what psi for how long?

The pumping engine overload test. - โœ” โœ” Pumps less than 750 gpm capacity undergo the same certification test except for?

Annually - โœ” โœ” How often should pumpers be given a service test?

True - โœ” โœ” NFPA does not require foam system testing annually but 1002 requires operators to know how to perform the test.

NFPA 1002 - โœ” โœ” What NFPA has the standard for driver operator professional qualifications?

300 - 500 feet - โœ” โœ” Emergency vehicles traveling the same route should stay how far apart?

50 psi - โœ” โœ” What is the nozzle pressure for smooth bore hand lines?

80 psi - โœ” โœ” What is the nozzle pressure for smooth bore master streams?

100 psi - โœ” โœ” What nozzle pressure are all fog nozzles?

100 degrees F - โœ” โœ” Air temperature should not be above what degrees during apparatus testing?

38,32 pounds - โœ” โœ” How much does a 1 1/2 inch 50 foot hose filled with water weigh?

6 % - โœ” โœ” How much additional friction loss is there for sinuosity or zigzagging of hose?

While backing up - โœ” โœ” When do most accidents occur?

12,000 pounds - โœ” โœ” How much does a midi-pumper weigh?

Yes - โœ” โœ” If the main valve for a sprinkler system is shut off, will water still reach the sprinkler heads?

One way check valve - โœ” โœ” What type of valve is there to keep contaminated water out of the main water system?

Pressure reducing valves - โœ” โœ” What should firefighters remove when they connect to a standpipe?

No - โœ” โœ” Is there a shut off between the FDC and standpipe connection?

Next to the building.

Next to the building - โœ” โœ” Using the inside outside method, buildings with 6 or more stories, should postion the aerial device where? With buildings 5 or less stories, postion the engine company where?

90 % - โœ” โœ” Hose should be pumped at pressures that do not exceed what % of the annual service test?

10 - 50 feet - โœ” โœ” Intake hose for hydrant connection is typically how long?

You can use less than 1 like flow - โœ” โœ” What is the hydrant capabilty with a difference between the static and residual pressure from a hydrant of more than 25%?

8.94 - โœ” โœ” What is the square root of 80?

7.07 - โœ” โœ” What is the square root of 50?

Found under MINUS 10 METHOD page 36 of the FIRE SERVICE HYDRAULICS manual. - โœ” โœ” Know the "rule of thumb" friction loss calculations.

20 psi plus friction loss - โœ” โœ” When pumping in a relay, the supplying pumper should supply how much psi of residual pressure to the intake of the next engine?

250 psi - โœ” โœ” In no case should engine pressure exceed how many psi?

10 psi - โœ” โœ” How much psi of friction loss needs to be added for every additional 100 feet of hose used to supply an FDC?

600 psi - โœ” โœ” At what psi are discharge gauges calibrated?

Pressure remaining on a system when water is flowing. - โœ” โœ” What is residual pressure?

Pressure on a system when water is not flowing. - โœ” โœ” What is static pressure?

The forward velocity pressure at a discharge when water is flowing. - โœ” โœ” What is flow pressure?

From the nozzle through the pump to the hydrant and water main. - โœ” โœ” If a nozzle is shut down quickly, where does the water hammer go?

Natural

Mechanical

Chemical - โœ” โœ” What are the 3 ways water pressure is created?

To ensure there are no air leaks in the pump. - โœ” โœ” Why is a vacuum test performed?

PSI (pounds per square inch)

or

PSF (pounds per square foot) - โœ” โœ” Pressure is simply force, measured in what?

Back Pressure created by elevation. - โœ” โœ” Head pressure is another name for what?

With the square of the velocity of the flow. - โœ” โœ” With the same size hose, friction loss varies with what?

150 psi - โœ” โœ” What is the discharge pressure for an FDC.

Rotary Type Pumps - โœ” โœ” What type of fire apparatus pumps are the simplest?

It's sensitivty to pressure changes and it's ability to relieve excess pressure in the discharge side of the pump. - โœ” โœ” What is the main feature of a relief valve?

To cool the temperature of the engine coolant during pumping operations. - โœ” โœ” What is the primary function of auxilary engine coolers?

The impeller

The casing - โœ” โœ” What are the 2 main parts of a centrifugal pump?

When flowing 1 1/2 or more of the pumps capacity. - โœ” โœ” When should the transfer valve be switched from pressure to volume?

Hydrants found ond dead-end mains. - โœ” โœ” Which are considered the worst hydrants?

20 feet

60% - โœ” โœ” For effective operation, the maximum lift is about how many feet? And the amount of water supplied is about what percentage of the pumps rated capacity?

In the parallel position. - โœ” โœ” In what position should priming on a 2 stage pump be done?

The ever increasing size of the waterway reduces the velocity of the water thus enabling the pressure to build up proportionately. - โœ” โœ” What is the meaning of Volute?

The size of the pockets in the gears.

The speed of rotation. - โœ” โœ” The amount of water pumped by a rotary gear pump, depends on what?

Sound the horn intermittenly, use warning lights, headlights, and drive slowly. - โœ” โœ” What should a driver do when driving through smoke?

10 - 15 mph - โœ” โœ” Most speedometers read what mph, when the engine is idling and the pump is in gear?

Compound gauges - โœ” โœ” What type of gauge measures both positive and negative pressure?

3 hours - โœ” โœ” The Certification test requires that the pump be operated for at least how many hours?

40 minutes

To the side and slightly below the steamer intake. - โœ” โœ” Where is the 2 1/2 inch gated intake is usually located?

A tank fill line. - โœ” โœ” What should be provided from the discharge side of the pump to allow the tank to be filled without making any additional connections during drafting operations?

Air in the pump. - โœ” โœ” What is the most common reason for loss of prime?

Cavitation - โœ” โœ” Discharging more water than you are taking in, causes what?

Cavitation - โœ” โœ” Noise in the pump, no increase in pressure when rpm's are increased, pressure gauges fluctuating, and hose streams fluctuating are signs of what?

An Increaser adapter - โœ” โœ” What type of adapter has female threads on the smaller end and male threads on the larger end?

By hose size, length of hose lay, pumper capacity, and amount of water needed. - โœ” โœ” What are 4 things that relay pumping operations are determined by?

Higher - โœ” โœ” Start up oil pressure may be ________ than normal operating oil pressure

Shut down immediately and check the problem. - โœ” โœ” Sudden engine temperature is a sign of trouble. What should you do if this occurs?

Shape

Pulled

Lifted

Pushed - โœ” โœ” Fluids have no set _______ and cannot be _______ or _______ but must be _______ by having pressure applied.

Normal operating pressure - โœ” โœ” What is the pressure found on a water distribution system during normal consumption demands?

Amount of water being discharged.

Speed of the impeller.

Pressure of water as it enters the pump. - โœ” โœ” What are 3 main factors that influence a centrifugal pump?

3 - 5 minutes - โœ” โœ” During non emergency operations, the engine should warm up for how may minutes?

Parallel

Volume

Capacity - โœ” โœ” _______=_______=_______ for changeover valve.

Pressure - โœ” โœ” Series = what?

1000 feet per minute - โœ” โœ” At how many feet per minute does water flow through hose lines?

No - โœ” โœ” Is there a shut-off valve between the FDC and the standpipe connection?

1000 - 1200 RPM - โœ” โœ” What are RPM's when drafting?

300 gpm or less - โœ” โœ” At what GPM's do handlines flow?

300 GPM - โœ” โœ” What is the critical velocity for 2 1/2 inch hose?

500 GPM - โœ” โœ” What is the critical velocity for 3 inch hose?

Because cold oil provides poor lubrication. - โœ” โœ” Why is low engine temperature bad?

8.35 pounds - โœ” โœ” How much does 1 gallon of water weigh?

231 cubic inches - โœ” โœ” How many cubic inches does 1 gallon of water contain?

62.5 pounds - โœ” โœ” How many pounds does 1 cubic foot of water weigh?

7.481 gallons - โœ” โœ” How many gallons of water does 1 cubic foot contain?

1,728 cubic inches - โœ” โœ” How many cubic inches are there in 1 cubic foot?

.434 psi - โœ” โœ” A 1 foot high column of water exerts how much psi at it's base?

2.304 feet - โœ” โœ” How many feet will 1 psi of pressure raise a column of water?

13.55 inches - โœ” โœ” 1 inch of mercury is equal to how many inches of water?

HG - โœ” โœ” What is the symbol for inches of mercury?

14.7 feet - โœ” โœ” How many feet is dependable lift?

33.87 feet - โœ” โœ” How many feet is theoretical lift?

By performing routine maintenance checks on a regular basis. - โœ” โœ” How can most apparatus or equipment failures be prevented?

No - โœ” โœ” Is exercising the volume-series control lever part of the daily apparatus inspection?

1 inch - โœ” โœ” Apparatus with water tanks of 1000 gallons or less must have a tank fill line of at least how many inches?

2 inches - โœ” โœ” Apparatus with water tanks more than 1000 gallons must have a tank fill line of how many inches?

NFPA 1901 - โœ” โœ” What NFPA is the standard for automotive fire apparatus?

NFPA 11C

NFPA 1901 - โœ” โœ” Industrial foam pumpers are built according to what NFPA numbers?

50-75 feet - โœ” โœ” At what height do elevating water devices typically range?

The source pumper - โœ” โœ” During relay pumping, which pumper should be the largest capacity pumper?

The scene pumper - โœ” โœ” Relay pumping evolutions should be shut down at what pumper first?

10 feet of lift

True - โœ” โœ” There is no "positive mechanical blockage" between the intake and discharge sides of a centrifugal pump. True or False?

An air leak

or

Air in the pump - โœ” โœ” What is the most common reason for loss of prime?

1,500 gallons - โœ” โœ” What is the maximum tank capacity, in gallons, for a single rear axle fire unit?

Incoming pressure - โœ” โœ” A centrifugal pump takes advantage of what type of pressure?

L x W x H= V (volume) - โœ” โœ” What is the Formula for finding the volume of a square or rectangle?

Diameter squared x .7854 x H= V (volume) - โœ” โœ” What is the Formula for finding the volume of a cylinder?

1.5 x D squared x NP= NR (nozzle reaction) - โœ” โœ” What is the Formula for finding nozzle reaction?

1.8 x D squared x EP= INR (initial nozzle reaction) - โœ” โœ” What is the Formula for finding initial nozzle reaction?

1/2 GPM= NR (nozzle reaction) - โœ” โœ” What is the Rule of Thumb formula for finding nozzle reaction?

L x W / 100= sprinkler heads needed - โœ” โœ” What is the Formula for determining the number of sprinkler heads needed?

1/2 P + 15= Q (gpm)

Multiply the answer x the number of heads x the minutes flowing to get the total flow. - โœ” โœ” What is the Formula for finding the gpm (Q) of 1 sprinkler head?

(Q-15) x 2= P (discharge pressure) - โœ” โœ” What is the Formula for finding the discharge pressure at each sprinkler head?

29.7 x D squared x square root of the nozzle pressure= gpm - โœ” โœ” What is the Formula for finding the GPM for a restricted opening such as a smooth bore nozzle?

29.7 x D squared x square root of the nozzle pressure x .9= gpm - โœ” โœ” What is the Formula for finding the the GPM for an unrestricted opening?

You can have 3 more like flows - โœ” โœ” What is the hydrant capabilty with a difference between the static and residual pressure from a hydrant of 0-10%?

You can have 2 more like flows - โœ” โœ” What is the hydrant capabilty with a difference between the static and residual pressure from a hydrant of 11-15%?

You can have 1 more like flow - โœ” โœ” What is the hydrant capabilty with a difference between the static and residual pressure from a hydrant of 16-25%?

In the Volute. - โœ” โœ” Where do centrifugal pumps build up pressure?

To the side and slightly below the steamer intake. - โœ” โœ” Where are gated intake ball-valves located?

225 psi - โœ” โœ” At what psi are sprinkler and standpipe systems tested?

25 psi - โœ” โœ” When raising pressure in a system, raise in increments of _____ psi.

175 psi - โœ” โœ” In older systems, do not exceed _____ psi engine pressure when supplying the FDC.

The pressure governor - โœ” โœ” What controls engine speed when it senses excess pressure?

Centrifugal pumps - โœ” โœ” What type of pump have no positive blockage between the intake and discharge sides of the pump?

45 degrees - โœ” โœ” Apparatus with front or rear intakes should be angled towards the curb at an angle of _____ degrees or less.

300 feet - โœ” โœ” When operating from a hydrant with 2 1/2 or 3 inch supply lines, the lines should be no longer than how many feet?

Yes - โœ” โœ” Do responding apparatus have to stop for a school bus that is loading or unloading?