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Cardiovascular Pharmacology: Exam Questions and Answers, Exams of Nursing

Hampton University (HU)Nursing

A comprehensive list of exam questions and answers related to cardiovascular pharmacology. It covers various drug classes, including diuretics, beta-blockers, alpha-blockers, ace inhibitors, arbs, calcium channel blockers, and vasodilators. The mechanism of action, side effects, contraindications, drug interactions, and clinical applications of each drug class. It also includes specific examples of drugs within each class.

Typology: Exams

2024/2025

Available from 03/08/2025

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Drexel NURS 549 CARDIOVASCULAR
Exam Questions and answers 2025
Diuretics .- .CORRECT .ANSWER-Ion .transport .inhibitors .that .impact .reabsorption
.of .electrolytes. .The .movement .of .H2O .is .incidental .by .an .osmotic .gradient
Types .of .Diuretics .- .CORRECT .ANSWER-1. .Loop- .most .efficacious, .work
.outside .of .the .lumen
2. .Thiazide- .only .one .with .active .site .on .the .luminal .surface, .needs .decent .renal
.perfusion .(GFR> .30)
3. .Potassium .sparing- .important .for .electrolyte .manipulation. .Only .available .PO
Side .Effects .- .CORRECT .ANSWER-1. .Dry .mouth
2. .Electrolyte .imbalance
3. .Thiazides .have .unintended .effect .of .excretion .if .other .solutes .*potentiate .uric
.acid .retention!
Beta .Adrenergic .Blockers .- .CORRECT .ANSWER-Relieve .workload .by .preventing
.sympathetic .stimulation .of .beta .1 .receptors .in .the .heart. .Also .prevent .renin
.release .and .water .retention .in .the .kidneys. .
**Some .BB .are .not .beta .1 .specific .or .lose .specificity .in .high .doses! .Blockade
.of .beta .2 .receptors .in .the .lung .can .be .a .problem .in .patients .with .reactive
.airway .disease
Beta .1 .Selective .Drugs .- .CORRECT .ANSWER-1. .Atenolol .(Tenormin)
2. .Penbutolol .(Levarol)
3. .Acebutolol .(Sectral)
4. .Metoprolol .(Lopressor)
5. .Esmolol .(Brevibloc)
Beta .1 .and .Beta .2 .- .CORRECT .ANSWER-1. .Propranolol .(Inderal)
2. .Nadolol .(Corgard)
3. .Pindolol .(Visken)
4. .Carvedilol .(Coreg)
5. .Labetolol .(Trandate)
Nebivolol .(Bystolic) .- .CORRECT .ANSWER-The .most .cardioselective .BB .that
.also .increases .nitric .oxide .release. .ONLY .indication .is .for .hypertension
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Drexel NURS 549 CARDIOVASCULAR

Exam Questions and answers 2025

Diuretics .- .CORRECT .ANSWER-Ion .transport .inhibitors .that .impact .reabsorption .of .electrolytes. .The .movement .of .H2O .is .incidental .by .an .osmotic .gradient Types .of .Diuretics .- .CORRECT .ANSWER-1. .Loop- .most .efficacious, .work .outside .of .the .lumen

  1. .Thiazide- .only .one .with .active .site .on .the .luminal .surface, .needs .decent .renal .perfusion .(GFR> .30)
  2. .Potassium .sparing- .important .for .electrolyte .manipulation. .Only .available .PO Side .Effects .- .CORRECT .ANSWER-1. .Dry .mouth
  3. .Electrolyte .imbalance
  4. .Thiazides .have .unintended .effect .of .excretion .if .other .solutes .*potentiate .uric .acid .retention! Beta .Adrenergic .Blockers .- .CORRECT .ANSWER-Relieve .workload .by .preventing .sympathetic .stimulation .of .beta. 1 .receptors .in .the .heart. .Also .prevent .renin .release .and .water .retention .in .the .kidneys.. **Some .BB .are .not .beta. 1 .specific .or .lose .specificity .in .high .doses! .Blockade .of .beta. 2 .receptors .in .the .lung .can .be .a .problem .in .patients .with .reactive .airway .disease Beta. 1 .Selective .Drugs .- .CORRECT .ANSWER-1. .Atenolol .(Tenormin)
  5. .Penbutolol .(Levarol)
  6. .Acebutolol .(Sectral)
  7. .Metoprolol .(Lopressor)
  8. .Esmolol .(Brevibloc) Beta. 1 .and .Beta. 2 .- .CORRECT .ANSWER-1. .Propranolol .(Inderal)
  9. .Nadolol .(Corgard)
  10. .Pindolol .(Visken)
  11. .Carvedilol .(Coreg)
  12. .Labetolol .(Trandate) Nebivolol .(Bystolic) .- .CORRECT .ANSWER-The .most .cardioselective .BB .that .also .increases .nitric .oxide .release. .ONLY .indication .is .for .hypertension

BB .Side .Effects .- .CORRECT .ANSWER-1. .Bradycardia

  1. .Hypotension
  2. .CHF .- .can .worsen .cases .of .profound .HF
  3. .B2 .receptor .inhibition: .-Bronchospasm .-inability .to .launch .sympathetic .response .-Fatigue, .weakness .-inability .to .ejaculate .-CNS .depression .(may .be .used .for .anxiety) BB .Contraindications .- .CORRECT .ANSWER-1. .Bradycardia
  4. .Heart .block .beyond .1st .degree
  5. .Reactive .airway .disease BB .Drug .Interactions .- .CORRECT .ANSWER-1. .Antacids .decrease .absorption .of .everything.
  6. .Anticholinergics .increase .absorption .by .slowing .down .motility Carvedilol .(Coreg) .- .CORRECT .ANSWER-1. .Beta .and .alpha .blocker
  7. .Alpha .blockade .produces .vasodilation .(norepinephrine).
  8. .Beta .blockage .is .not .selective.
  9. .Decreases .both .CO .and .PVR.
  10. .Decent .at .controlling .blood .pressure.
  11. .CHF, .HTN .and .LV .dysfunction .after .MI Alpha .blockers .MOA .- .CORRECT .ANSWER-Vasodilate .arteries .by .way .of .blocking .norepinephrine. .Not .typically .used .1st .line .because .they're .not .very .efficacious. .May .have .off .label .use .for .managing .nightmares Alpha .Blockers .- .CORRECT .ANSWER-1. .Prazosin .(Minipress)
  12. .Terazosin .(Hytrin)
  13. .Doxazosin .(Cardura) Alpha .Blocker .Side .Effects .- .CORRECT .ANSWER-1. .Orthostatic .Hypotension
  14. .Headache .(pain .sensitive .arteries .become .dilated)
  15. .Drowsiness
  16. .N/V
  17. .Impotence ACE .Inhibitors .MOA .- .CORRECT .ANSWER-Blocks .conversion .of .angiotensin .I .to .II. .Angiotensin .II .binds .to .receptors .causing .vasoconstriction, .stimulates .aldosterone .release .and .stimulates .ADH .release. *Typically .1st .line .for .HTN NSAIDS .- .CORRECT .ANSWER-Can .attenuate .antihypertensive .effects .by .altering .prostaglandin-mediated .vasodilation. ACE .Inhibitors .- .CORRECT .ANSWER-1. .Captopril .(Capoten)
  18. .Lisinipril .(Zestril)

Renin .Inhibitors .- .CORRECT .ANSWER-Aliskiren .(Tekturna). Directly .Inhibits .renin .and .decreases .the .conversion .of .angiotensinogen .to .angiotensin .I. .Differs .from .the .other .drugs .in .that .plasma .renin .is .not .increased Aliskiren .(Tekturna) .Side .Effects .- .CORRECT .ANSWER-Same .profile .as .ACE .Inhibitors Tekturna .Drug .Interactions .- .CORRECT .ANSWER-1. .CYP3A4 .substrate.

  1. .Reduces .loop .diuretic .activity HCN .Channel .Blocker .- .CORRECT .ANSWER--Ivabradine .(Corlanor) .First .in .its .class, .slows .S.A. .node .by .inhibiting .funny .current.
  • For .patients .with .EF< .35% .and .resting .HR .>. 70 .bpm .on .maximally .tolerated .beta .blocker .therapy. Calcium .Channel .Blockers .Non-DHP .- .CORRECT .ANSWER-Non-dihdropyridines .- .act .on .the .cardiomyocyte, .best .choice .for .CAD .-Diltiazem, .Verapamil Calcium .Channel .Blockers .DHP .- .CORRECT .ANSWER-Dihydropyridines- .act .on .arterial .smooth .muscle .-All .other .CCB's, .best .choice .for .HTN
  1. .Amlodipone .(Norvasc)
  2. .Isradipine .(DynaCirc)
  3. .Nicardipine .(Cardene)
  4. .Nifedipine .(Procardia)
  5. .Nisoldipine .(Sular)
  6. .Clevidipine .(Cleviprex) CCB's .Side .Effects .- .CORRECT .ANSWER-*Primarily .r/t .vasodilation
  • headaches, .dizziness, .hypotension
  • Constipation .(invariably .blocks .Ca .channels .in .gut, .decreasing .motility)
  • Peripheral .edema.
  • AVN .block
  • GERD .(relaxation .of .the .cardiac .sphincter) CCB .Contraindications .- .CORRECT .ANSWER--high .degree .AVN .blocks
  • severe .CHF
  • SSS
  • SBP .<90 .mm .Hg
  • aortic .stenosis CCB .Drug .Interactions .- .CORRECT .ANSWER--CHF .with .beta .blockers
  • Increased .serum .levels .of .DIGOXIN .and .CARBAMAZEPINE Other .Vasodilators .- .CORRECT .ANSWER-Directly .relax .arterial .smooth .muscle .without .effects .on .water .or .sodium..

Sodium .Nitoprusside .(Nipride)- .rapidly .converted .to .cyanogen .thiocyanite .in .the .liver. Hydralazine .(Apresoline) Minoxidil .(Rogaine) Diazoxide .(Hyperstat) Clonidine .- .CORRECT .ANSWER--Centrally .acting .antiadrenergic .that .reduces plasma .norepinephrine .and .incidentally .inhibits .renin .release .from .the .kidney

  • It .works .FROM .THE .BRAIN .DOWN .to .suppress .sympathetic .release
  • RAPID .ONSENT... .Very .useful .for .people .with .very .high .BP Clonidine .Side .Effects .- .CORRECT .ANSWER-Primarily .due .to .CNS .depression Clonidine .Drug .Interactions .- .CORRECT .ANSWER-Potentiates .other .CNS .depressants TCA .reduce .antihypertensive .effects Clonidine .Contraindications .- .CORRECT .ANSWER-Recent .MI, .S.A. .node .dysfunction, .CKD, .depression Clonidine .Lab .Evaluations .- .CORRECT .ANSWER-May .decrease .urinary .VMA, .catecholamines .and .aldosterone. .Very .important .to .consider .when .working .up .for .PHEOCHROMOCYTOMA! BP: .Choosing .an .Agent .and .When .to .Start .- .CORRECT .ANSWER-Thiazide .diuretics- .avoid .in .gout ACEI/ARB- .not .as .beneficial .in .the .black .population, .1st .choice .for .renal .disease. .Avoid .in .pregnancy .and .bilateral .RAS CCB- .avoid .in .aortic .stenosis .and .heart .blocks. CV .Disease .= .130/80 .mm .Hg No .risk .= .> .140/90 .mm .Hg CAD .- .CORRECT .ANSWER-Beta .Blockers .(propranolol, .nadolol, .metoprolol, .atenolol) Calcium .Channel .Blockers- .in .addition .to .BB, .not .instead .of. Nitrates .(SL .nitro, .Imdur). Ranexa- .for .angina. .Metabolic .modulator, .prolongs .QT, .CYP450 .substrate Nitrates: .CI .and .Drug .Interactions .- .CORRECT .ANSWER-Increased .ICP, .glaucoma, .hypotension, .hyperthyroidism Phenothiazines .and .other .anti-HTN .potentiate