Documentary,
“The,creative,treatment,of,actuality”,
John,Grierson,
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Characterized by the non-intervention of the filmmaker in the filmed events. There is no voice of god coommentary, no intertitles and no interviews.
Typology: Lecture notes
2021/2022
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Documentary
“The creative treatment of actuality” John Grierson
Definition
“Motion picture that shapes and interprets factual material for purposes of education or entertainment” Encyclopedia Britannica
Types of documentaries identified
by Bill Nichols
Expository Poetic Observational Reflexive Interactive Performative
The Expository Documentary
An authoritative voiceover commentary combined with a series of images that aim to be descriptive and informative. The voiceover addresses the spectator directly, offering a series of facts or arguments that are illustrated by the image track.
The Poetic Documentary
Reassembles fragments of the world poetically Lacks specificity; abstract Sacrifices the conventions of continuity editing and specificities of time and place to explore associations and patterns that involve temporal rhythms and spatial juxtapositions
Poetic Documentaries Rain Manhatta Sans Soleil Koyaanisqatsi Danube Exodus
Observational documentaries
High School The War Room To Be and To Have The Same River Twice Restrepo Armadillo Anvil: The Story of Anvil A Girl in the River
The Reflexive Documentary
The filmmaker exposes to the spectator the conventions of documentary representation, with the effect of challenging the documentary’s apparent ability to reveal the truth. Tries to demonstrate to the spectator how film images are constructed. Makes the whole process of filmmaking known to the spectator.
The Interactive Documentary
Makes the filmmaker’s presence prominent, as he or she interacts with the people or events being films. Draws the filmed people and events into direct contact with the director. Based primarily on interviews, which draw out specific comments and responses form those who are filmed. Sometimes the filmmaker is the main person on screen and holds the documentary together
Interactive documentaries
Roger and Me Bowling for Columbine El General In the Matter of Cha Jung Hee Icarus
Performative documentaries
The Thin Blue Line The Fog of War Standard Operating Procedure Exit through the Gift Shop