DNA to Protein Synthesis Worksheet, Exercises of Genetics

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Code Cracking

Protein Synthesis

In this activity, you will translate segments of DNA into their respective amino acid sequences and record the one letter amino acid symbol that corresponds to the correct translation of each codon. If you have accurately translated each DNA segment, the resulting amino acid sequence will spell out a word or phrase. A codon wheel is included to assist you in translation.

1. Locate the codon wheel below. You will need to use this to translate the RNA sequence.
2. Start by transcribing the DNA sequence into mRNA. Remember that DNA bases pair together in specific ways: C with G, and A with T. Your RNA sequence will pair U with A instead of T.
3. Record your RNA sequence.
4. Remember that the cell reads the DNA code in groups of three bases. Each triplet of bases, also called a codon, specifies which amino acid will be added next during protein synthesis. (Putting dashes or lines between each triplet, or circling each group of 3 bases can make translation easier.
5. Using the codon wheel, find the first base letter of the codon at the center of the wheel, the second base letter in the next circle out and finally the last base in the third circle.
6. Record the amino acid indicated outside the colored wheel. Find and record its one letter symbol from the symbol table.
7. If you have accurately synthesized your protein, the amino acid symbols should spell out a word or phrase in English.

Example:

DNA sequence: C C A C T C T T A C T T

mRNA sequence: G G U-G A G - A A U- G A A

Amino acid: GLY-GLU-ASN-GLU

Letter symbol: GENE

Now you try it!

DNA Decoding (Protein Synthesis) Practice Sheet

1. DNA: C T T C C A C C T

mRNA:

AA:

Symbol:

2. DNA: G T G C T T T T A

mRNA:

AA:

Symbol:

3. DNA: G G T C G T A C C

mRNA:

AA:

Symbol:

4. DNA: T C G T T C T A A

mRNA:

AA:

Symbol: