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DNA sequencing.pdf, Lecture notes of Genetics

The new RNA molecule is formed by incorporating. • nucleotides that are complementary to the template strand. DNA coding strand. DNA template strand. DNA.

Typology: Lecture notes

2021/2022

Uploaded on 09/12/2022

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Gel electrophoresis
DNA sequencing
Cytoplasm
Nucleus
DNA
DNA is the genetic material
within the nucleus.
Central Dogma
RNA
Protein
Replication
The process of replication
creates new copies of DNA.
Transcription
The process of transcription
creates an RNA using
DNA information.
Translation
The process of translation
creates a protein using
RNA information.
DNA Double Helix-Held Together with
H-Bonds
pf3
pf4
pf5
pf8

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Gel electrophoresis

DNA sequencing

Cytoplasm

Nucleus

DNA

DNA is the genetic materialwithin the nucleus.

Central Dogma

RNA Protein

Replication

The process of replicationcreates new copies of DNA.

Transcription

The process of transcriptioncreates an RNA usingDNA information.

Translation

The process of translationcreates a protein usingRNA information.

DNA Double Helix-Held Together with

H-Bonds

Base Pairs Double Helix

base: thymine(pyrimidine)

sugar: 2’-deoxyribose

monophosphate

no 2’-hydroxyl

(5’ to 3’)

5’ 3’

base:adenine(purine)

1’2’

4’

α 3’ linkage

5’ linkage

Three Components of DNA Structure

Pyrimidines used in Base Pairs,

DNA

6-membered rings only

Purines used in Base Pairs, DNA

Fused 5 and 6 member rings

A-T and G-C Base Pairs Hold the

DNA helices together

A-T and G-C Base Pairs Hold the

DNA helices together

Hydrogen-Bonding’s Role in DNA Structure

Transcription

•^

The new RNA molecule is formed by incorporating

•^

nucleotides that are complementary to thetemplate strand.

DNA coding strand

DNA template strand

DNA

G T

C A

T T

C G G

C A G T A A G C C

G

RNA

G

G U C A U U C

# of strandskind of sugar bases used

RNA Polymerase is the Enzyme that CatalyzesTranscription of DNA Information to RNA

DNA (Blue)Newly SynthesizedRNA (Red)Bridge Helix MovesDNA throughPolymerase duringRNA Synthesis(Green)Active Site Metal(Pink)

Transcription

•^

The new RNA molecule is formed by incorporating

•^

nucleotides that are complementary to thetemplate strand.

DNA coding strand

DNA template strand

DNA

G T

C A

T T

C G G

C A G T A A G C C

G

RNA

G

G U C A U U C

Translation

-^

The process of reading the RNA sequence of anmRNA and creating the amino acid sequence of aprotein is called translation.

Transcription

Codon

Codon

Codon

Translation

DNA

T^

T

C

A

G

T

C

A

G

DNAtemplatestrand

mRNA

A

A

G

U

C

A

G

U

C

MessengerRNA

Protein

Lysine

Serine

Valine

Polypeptide(amino acidsequence)

http://www.dnalc.org/ddnalc/resources/sangerseq.html

http://www.shsu.edu/~chm_tgc/sounds/flashfiles/GE.swf

Shotgun sequencing: assembly of random sequence fragments