DNA
Replication
1
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DNA Replication: A Process of Creating Identical Genetic Material for Cell Division, Lecture notes of Genetics
DNA replication is the process of copying and synthesizing new DNA before a cell divides, ensuring each new cell has a complete set of chromosomes. This intricate process involves various enzymes and occurs during the S phase of the cell cycle. Understanding DNA replication is crucial for grasping the fundamental aspects of genetics and cellular biology.
What you will learn
- What happens during the different steps of DNA replication?
- What is the role of DNA replication in the cell cycle?
- How does DNA replication begin?
- What enzymes are involved in DNA replication?
- What are the consequences of DNA mutations during replication?
Typology: Lecture notes
2021/2022
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DNA
Replication
Copy me! Copy me!
What is DNA REPLICATION?
-^ DNA Replication
:
process of copyingand synthesizing newDNA. • Occurs in
nucleus
before a cell divides
so that each new cell producedhas a complete setof chromosomes.
Mitosis -prophase -metaphase -anaphase -telophase G^1
G^2 S phase Interphase DNA replication takes place in the S phase.
Enzymes in DNA replication
HELICASE
unwinds
parental doublehelix
DNA POLYMERASE binds nucleotides to form new strands
LIGASE
joins Okazaki fragments
and seals other breaks in sugar-phosphate backbone
Replication Step 1: HELICASE
unzips DNA
down
the middle by breakingHydrogen bonds. 5’ 3’
Step 2:
DNA POLYMERASE
moves along
the 2 strands and base pairsnucleotides to each original parentstrand.
Overall direction^ of replication
3’^ 5’
5’^ 3’
7
Step 3:
Replication moves in only ONEdirection. So, small DNA segmentscalled OKAZAKI FRAGMENTS
are
made on the other strand.
5’^
5’^ 3’
Overall direction^ of replication
Okazaki fragment^ 3’
2 identical DNA molecules are
formed from the original.
Semi-conservative Model •^ Idea presented by Watson & Crick •^ The two strands of the parentalmolecule separate, and each acts as atemplate for a new complementarystrand •^ New DNA consists of 1 PARENTAL(original) and 1 NEW strand of DNA
Parental DNA
DNA Template New DNA
Any Questions?
-^ Finish your CornellNotes…