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DMI 131 Patient Care/ Procedures final exams Prep
- which metatarsal bone fo the foot has a promi- nent tuberosity most frequently fractured?
fifth
- which term describes the top anterior surface of dorsum the foot?
- which structure or bone contains the sustentac- calcaneus ulum tali?
- what are the two arches of the foot? longitidinal and transverse
- which of these labeled bones identifies the nav- B icular?
- How much CR angulation (if any) should be ued for an AP projection of the foot?
- how much is the foot dorsiflexed with the tan- gential projection for the sesamoid bones if the CR remains perpendicular to the image recep- tor?
10-15 degrees
15-20 degrees from verticle
- to properly visualize the joint spaces with the AP perpendicular to the metatarsals projection of the foot, the CR must be:
- what CR angulation is required for the AP medial CR is perpendicular to the image oblique projection of the foot? receptor
- 40 degrees
DMI 131 Patient Care/ Procedures final exams Prep
How much CR angulation to the long axis of the foot is required for the plantodorsal (axial) projection f the calcaneus?
- where is the CR placed for a mediolateral projec- base of the third metatarsal tion of the calcaneus?
- which joint surfaces of the ankle joint are most commonly open with an AP projection of the ankle?
- how much rotation from an AP position of the ankle will typically produce an AP mortise pro- jection?
- A radiograph of an AP medial onbliqe projec- tion of the foot , if positioned correctly, should demonstrate:
- A radiograph of an AP ankle projection reveals that the lateral joint space is not open (later- al malleolus is partially superimposed by the talus). The superior and medial joint spaces are open. What should the technologist do to cor- rect this problem and improve the image?
- A patient comes to radiology for an evaluation of the longitudinal arch of the foot. Which of the following projections would provide the best information about the arch?
- A patient comes to radiology with an infection involving te sesamoid bones of the foot. Beyond
Medial and superior
15-20 degrees medial
third through fifth metatarsals free of superimposition
nothing, it is an acceptable image.
AP and lateral weight-bearing pro- jections of the foot
tangential projection
DMI 131 Patient Care/ Procedures final exams Prep
- the CR angulation for the Ap ankle projection is: 0 degrees
- for an AP projection of the ankle, the CR must enter the:
- to prevent lateral rotation, how should the foot be positioned for a lateral projection of the an- kle?
- where will the fibula be located on a properly positioned lateral radiograph of the ankle?
- when the malleoli of the ankle are positioned parellel with the IR, the ankle is in position for which projection?
- what is the position of the femoral epicondyles when the leg is properly positioned for an AP projection?
- *which ankle projection will demonstrate the tibiofibular joint space free of superimposition?
- what structure(s) is (are) seen on the medial aspect when evaluating an axial plantodorsal calcaneus projection?
- for a properly positioned mediolateral foot pro- jection the surface of the foot is in relation to the IR
ankle joint, midway between the malleoli
in dorsiflexion
behind the tibia
AP oblique, 15-20 degree medial rotation for the ankle mortise
parallel to the IR
AP oblique 45 degree medial rota- tion
calcaneal tuberosity and medial process
planter; perpendicular
- what projection does the figure represent? AP ankle
DMI 131 Patient Care/ Procedures final exams Prep
- the medial malleolus is located? proximal tibia
- regardless of the patient's condition, which po- ensure that the plantar surface of sitioning maneuver should be performed to po- the foot is perpendicular to the IR sition the foot for the lateral projection?
- which projection of the foot best demonstrates the sinus tarsi?
- *which atriculation should be seen with the 45 degree AP medial oblique projection of the an- kle?
- what position are the femoral epicondyles for a lateral projection of the lower leg?
- which projection will show the tibial tuberosity in profile?
- the distal tibial joint surface that forms the roof of the ankle mortise is the
AP oblique, medial rotation
distal tibiofibular joint
perpendicularto the IR
mediolateral tib fib
tibial plafond
- *excessive rotation will produce the following of the lateral mortise surface will be an AP mortise projection
- which joint surfaces of the ankle joint are open with a true AP projection of the ankle?
closed
medial and superior
DMI 131 Patient Care/ Procedures final exams Prep
which projection of the knee will best demon- strate the neck of the fibula without superimpo- sition of the tibia?
- what type of CR angle is required for the AP axial 10 degrees caudad weight-bearing bilateral knee projection (Rosen- berg method)?
- how much flexion of the knee is recommended for a lateral patella?
- what is the recommended SID for superoin- ferior sitting tangential (Hobbs modification) method?
- the profile appearance of the adductor tuber-
5- 10degrees
48-50 inches (123 to 128 cm)
underrotation of the knee towards cle and excessive superimposition of the fibular theIR head and neck on a mediolateral knee projec- tion indicate:
- for the AP weght-bearing knee projection on an perpendicular to the IR average patient, the CR should be:
- which of the following projections of the patella Settagast requires the patient to be placed in a prone po- sition, 50-60 degrees flexion of the knee, and a 45 degree cephalic angle of the CR?
- the upper, or superior portion of the patella is called the:
- which two ligament of the knee joint help sta- bilize the knees from the anterior and posterior perspective?
base
cruciates
DMI 131 Patient Care/ Procedures final exams Prep
- where is the CR directed for an AP projection of the knee?
- when the ASIS-to-tabletop measurement is be- tween 19-24cm the CR for an AP knee is:
- how much should the leg be flexed for a lateral projection of the knee?
- which of the following will ensure that the knee is in proper position for a lateral projection?
- the CR angulation for a lateral projection of the knee is:
- which of the following projections of the knee best demonstrates the narrowing of a joint space?
- for an AP oblique projection of the knee, the limb is rotated degrees.
- which of the following is clearly demonstrated on an AP oblique projection of the knee in me- dial rotation?
- which methods are used to demonstrate the intercondylar fossa?
1/2 inch distal to the apex of the patella
0 degrees
20-30 degrees
epicondyles perpendicular toIR, patella perpendicular to IR, and leg flexed 20-30 degrees
3-5 degrees cephelad
AP of both knees with weight-bear- ing
tobiofibular articulation
Holmbald(PA axial) and Camp-Coventry (PA axial)
- the patient position and the central ray shown in intercondylar fossa the figure will demonstrate the:
DMI 131 Patient Care/ Procedures final exams Prep
- identify this projection AP knee
- identify this projection medial oblique
- when performing the merchant method for the patella, the patient is in what position?
supine with knee flexed 40 degrees
when performing the Hughston method for the prone with knees flexed 50-60 de- patella the patient is in what position? grees
for the Hughston method the CR is angeled. 45 degrees cephelad
the femoropatellar joint is formed by: the posterior surface of the patella and the anterior surface of the fe- mur
the knee joint is made up of: femur, tibia, and patella
the major knee ligments are: poterior cruciate, fibular collateral, tibial collateral, and anterior cruci- ate
DMI 131 Patient Care/ Procedures final exams Prep
the ligaments that stabalize the knee and pre- vent adduction and abduction is (are):
- when positioning for a medial or a lateral oblique knee the epicondylar lines should be:
- when evauating a lateral knee all of the follow- ing are tre except: A. patella is seen in profile B. patellofemoral joint space is open C. the epicondyles are parallel to the IR D. the femoral condyles are superimposed
- when performing an AP projection of the knee the foot/leg should be rotated:
- all of the following are true regarding an AP medial oblique except: A. lateral condyle is elongated B. patella is projected medially C. medial condyle is elongated D. neck of fibula is seen without superimposition
- when performing a tangential axial patella us- ing the merchant method, the CR is directed:
- all projections are inferosuperior axial EXCEPT: A. Hughston B. Settegast C. Hobbs D. Alternate Settegast
fibular collateral and tibial collater- al
45 degrees to the plane of the IR
C. the epicondyles are parellel to the IR
3-5 degrees
C. medial condyle is elongated
30 degrees caudad from horozon- tal
C. Hobbs
if the lateral decubitis position is used to demon- strate a pleural effusion, which side must the patient lie on?
- the trachea bifurcates and forms the: right and left bronchi
- the lower concave area of the lung is termed the: base
- with reference to the IR, how are the MCP and MSP positioned for the lateral position of the chest?
MCP perpendicular and MSP par- allel
- which of the following structures is NOT consid- epiglottis ered as a mediastinal structure?
- a specific prominence, or ridge, found the point carina where the internal distal trachea divides into the right and left bronchi is called:
- which evaluation criteria pertains to the Ap axial the clavicles should lie superior to lordotic projection of the chest?
- a patient enters the ED with a possible pneu- mothorax in the left lung. Because of the trau- ma, the patient cannot stand or sit erect. Which of the following positions would best demon- strate this condition?
- A patient comes to radiology with a possible mass beneath the right clavicle. The PA and left lateral projections are inconclusive. Which addi- tional projection can be taken to demonstrate this possible mass?
the apices
Right lateral decubitis
AP lordotic
- how is the CR positioned for an x-ray projection done with the patient placed in a decubitis posi- tion?
horozontal
- when evaluating a PA chest, the left ribs appear RAO elongated. The patient is rotted in a position?
- for an AP portable chest on an older or hy- persthenic male patient, which of the following should occur?
- the part of the luncg that extends above the clavicle is termed the:
- where is the CR directed for an AP supine posi- tion of the chest?
- which evaluation criteria pertains to the PA po- sition of the chest?
- a petient enters the ER with an injury to the chest. The ER suspects a pnuemothorax may be present in the right lung. The patient is un- able to sit or stand erect. Which specific position or projection can be performed to confirm the presence of a pnuemothorax?
- what is the patient position for a lateral projec- tion done in the dorsal position?
- what is the CR angle for the erect Lordot- ic method of demonstrating the pulmonary apices?
the CR should be centered 3 inches below jugular notch
apex
3-4 inchs inferior to jugular notch
ten posterior ribs visible above di- aphram
left lateral decubitis
supine
15-20 degrees cephelad
- how far above the shoulders should the IR be positioned for a PA and lateral chest radiograph?
1 1/2 to 2 inches
- which projection of the chest best demonstrates AP lordotic lung apices free from superimposition from the clavicles?
- which pathological condition of the lungs is best fluid levels in the left side or free air demonstrated with the AP, left lateral decubitis chest position?
- which of the following is an effective way to
in the right side
the asymmetrical appearance of detect rotation of the patient with the PA projec- the sternoclavicular joints tion of the chest?
- of the following factors, which is most crucial to patient in erect or decubitis posi- demonstrate possible air and fluid levels in the chest?
tion
- a PA chest image shows that the left sternoclav- rotation into a LAO position icular joint is superimposed over the spine (in comparison to the right). What specific position- ing error is involved?
- what pathological condition of the chest is demonstrated with a lateral decubitis position when the patient is unable to stand?
air fluid levels
- what is the proper SID for lateral upper airway? 72 inches
- if the patient cannot be placed in the lordotic position, how is the CR directed to project the clavicles above the apices?
15-20 degrees cephalad
- with reference to the IR, how are the MSP and MCP positioned for the PA projection of the chest?
- why should chest x-rays be performed with 72 inch SID
- the two most common landmarks for chest po- sitioning are the:
- which of the following will be observed on a
MSP perpendicular and MCP par- allel
to minimize magnification of the heart
jugular notch and vertebra promi- nens
A. hemi-diaphrams are nearly su- properly positioned lateral chest image? (can be perimposed one or more choices) A. Hemi-diaphrams are nearly superimposed B. T4-T5 in the center of the IR
C. no more than .5 inch seen be- tween posterior ribs D. the right lung field and ribs are C. No more than .5 inch seen between posterior more magnified ribs D. the right lung field and ribs are more magni- fied
- which of the following will be observed on a PA chest image? A. sternal clavicular ends are equal in distance
A. sternal clavicular ends are equal in distance B. one inch of apical field is seen B. one inch of apical field is seen above the clav- above the clavicles icles C. scapula are loacted within the lung field D. at least 10 posterior ribs are visible
D. at least 10 posterior ribs are vis- ible
- which of the following are true when evaluating A. SC joints should be equidistant a lateral decubitis chest image from center of spine A. SC joints should be equidistant from center of C. The seventh thoracic vertabra is spine B. CR is directed to T
in the center of the image
metacarpals is superimposed. What specific po- sitioning error has been comitted?
- CR for the gaynor-hart projection? The CR is directed to the center of the palm at an angle of 25-30 de- grees to the long axis of the hand
- what is the name of the joint found between the interphalangeal proximal and distal phalanges of the first digit?
- a petient arrives in radiology with a metal for- PA and lateral in extension projec- eign body in the palm of the hand. Which of the tions following hand routines should be performed on this patient to confirm the location of the foreign body?
- how much CR angulation to the long axis of the hand is required for the tangential, inferosupe- rior projection to demonstrate the carpal sulcus (canal)?
25-30 degrees
- the most common oblique projection of the sec- PA; lateral ond through fifth digits is with rotation.
- which of the following projections of the wrist PA will best demonstrate the wrist joint and inter- carpal spaces?
- why is it important to keep phalanges parallel to it prevents foreshortening of the the IR for a PA oblique projection of the hand? phalanges and boscuring of inter- phalangeal joints
- ulnar collateral ligament
*which wrist ligament is attached to the styloid process of the ulna and continues to the tri- quetrum and pisiform?
- which is the most commonly fractured carpal bone?
- a radiograph of a PA oblique of the hand re- veals that the midshaft of the fourth and fifth metacarpals is superimposed. What specific po- sitioning error has been committed?
- which of the following correctly describes posi- tioning for a lateral projection of the 4th digit?
- when radiographing the fourth and fifth digits in the lateral position the surface of the wrist is in contact with the IR
Scaphoid
excessive rotation of the hand and/or wrist laterally
from the prone position, medially rotate the hand to lateral position
medial and ulnar
- *which carpal articulates with the radius? scaphoid
- when a wedge is used to elevate a cassette for modified stetcher view, how should the CR be directed?
perpendicular
- the bending or forcing of the hand outward with ulnar deviation the hand pronated in a posterior (PA) projection is known as
- which of the following positions are used to demonstrate the hand in the lateral projection?
ulnar surface down, hand extended and ulnar surface down, finger in "fan lateral"
- 45 degrees internally
