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DIT 121 Exam 1 Study Questions and Answers
(100 out of 100) Latest Update
Define Nutrition the process of providing or obtaining the food necessary for health and growth. Define Diet the foods and beverages a person eats and drinks Define essential nutrient a nutrient that is necessary for life and one that the body cannot make at all or cannot make in sufficient amounts to sustain its function Define empty calories calories derived from food containing no nutrients. Name the six classes of nutrients carbohydrates, fats, proteins, vitamins, minerals, water What is the difference between High and Low energy density High energy density refers to a higher amount of calories in a specific amount of food. Low energy density refers to a lower amount of calories in a large amount of food
What credentials identify a nutrition expert a. The person has an undergraduate degree requiring about 60 credit hours in nutrition, food science, and other related subjects; complete a year's clinical internship or the equivalent; pass a national examination administered by the academy of nutrition and Dietetics; and maintain up to date knowledge and registration by participating in required continuing education activities What are the red flags of nutrition quackery Quick and easy fix, too good to be true, not backed by a credible source, animal studies what are signs that nutrition information is reliable and valid Lists sources, peer reviewed, not promoting products, or is written by an RD or a PDt What does DV mean Daily Value What does DRI mean Dietary Reference Intake What does AI mean Adequate Intake What does RDA mean
Explain the diet planning principle of balance trying to get appropriate amounts of all nutrients, and not just one at the expense of another Explain the diet planning principle of kcalorie The amount of energy the body receives must match the same amount needed to sustain itself Explain the diet planning principle of variety eating with a means to provide a more diverse mix of vitamins, minerals, and phytochemicals Explain the diet planning principle of nutrient density eating foods with more nutrients than calories Explain the diet planning principle of moderation not eating too much or too little Summarize the dietary guidelines for Americans follow a healthy eating pattern, focus on variety nutrient density and amount, limit calories from added sugars and saturated fats/sodium intake, shift to healthier food and beverage choices, support healthy eating patterns for all What foods are core elements of a healthy diet vegetables, fruits, grains, dairy, protein, and oils
Explain the MyPlate food logo Designed in a way to ensure/remind people to eat healthily from all 5 food groups in a balanced manner What are the major recommendations for eating eat different types of fruits, vegetables, grains, protein foods, and dairy, and limit added sugars, sodium, and saturated fats. How many servings of whole grains are recommended each day 6 servings What proportion of food on the plate should be fruits and vegetables? 50% Which foods are in the 5 food groups Proteins, Vegetables, Grains, Fruits, Dairy Which food group does yogurt belong to? Dairy Which food group does egg belong to? Protein
Define the USDA term of 100% organic it means all of the ingredients must meet the organic guidelines What does it mean if a nutrient claim states that it is an excellent source of a nutrient? (% value) at least 20% of that nutrient What does it mean if a nutrient claim states that it is a good source of a nutrient (% value) 10% - 19% What is the concept of high and low nutrient density highly dense foods contain with a lot of nutrients with fewer calories. Low nutrient dense foods have lots of calories with limited nutrients What does it mean when something is enriched? nutrients were added back that were lost through processing What does it mean when something is fortified? vitamins and or minerals have been added to food that weren't originally there. What is meant by the term "whole grain?" Food was made with all parts of the grain
What is more nutritious, whole grains or refined grains? whole grains What does enriched wheat flour mean? flour that had nutrients re-added back that were lost during proccessing What does whole wheat flour entail? uses the whole part of the wheat grain/seed what does "Made with whole grain" entail? made with all the essential parts of the seeds/grains used in processing What does Whole Food mean? food that has been processed or refined as little as possible, and is free of additives or other artificial substances What does Processed food mean? used to describe any food changed beyond its raw state What does ultra processed food mean? foods made mostly from substances extraced from foods
What role does the liver have in digestion? makes and secretes bile to process and purify the blood that contains newly absorbed nutrients Where is the major site of nutrient digestion/absorption Small intestine Name the digestive enzyme that break down carbohydrates Amylase Name the digestive enzyme that breaks down proteins Protease name the digestive enzyme that breaks down lipids Lipase What are gut microbiota? instestinal bacteria that maintain immune and metabolic homeostasis, whilst protecting from pathogens. What kinds of foods help beneficial colonies of bacteria to thrive in the gut? probiotic foods such as fermented foods, kimchi, miso, sauerkraut, yogurt, and pickled vegetables
What are prebiotics and probiotics Probiotics are beneficial bacteria that helps our health and prebiotics are the food needed by probiotic bacteria Describe the chemical structure of monosaccharides glucose fructose galactose all have the same chemical formula of C6 H12 O Describe the chemical structure of disaccharides pairs of the three monosaccharides, all contain one glucose and an additional monosaccharide Describe the chemical structure of polysaccharides contain many monosaccharides strung together Includes Glycogen, Starches, and fibers Describe the chemical structure of fiber mixture of complex polysaccharides, lignin What types of foods are good sources of carbohydrates? minimally processed whole grains, vegetables, fruits, and beans
What are soiluble fibers? dissolves in water and includes plant pectin and gums What are insoluble fibers? Does not dissolve in water What are health benefits to eating plenty of fiber helps lower blood pressure, balances cholesterol levels, promotes regular bowel movements, happy gut microbiome What are the DRI's for carbohydrate and fiber 45 and 65%, and 38g What are the dietary guidelines for whole grains and added sugars? six servings, and less than 10% What is the AMDR for carbohydrate 45 - 65% What are added sugars? Sugars and syrups that are added when foods or beverages are processed or prepared
What causes lactose intolerance? lack of lactase What health risks are associated with diets too high in added sugars and refined starches? cardiovascular disease, cognitive problems, colon cancer, diabetes, HBP, cholesterol, kidney disease, liver disease, obesity, pancreatic cancer, retina and muscle/nerve damage What role does insulin have in blood sugar control? helps blood sugar enter the body to regulate blood sugar levels by decreasing it What roles does glucagon have in blood sugar control? helps control blood sugar levels by increasing it. Which carbohydrates can be absorbed in the GI tract without further digestion? fiber/resistant starches
