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Statistics and trends on driver distraction in motor vehicle traffic crashes in the United States from 2005 to 2009. It includes information on fatal crashes, injuries, and crashes of all severities, as well as the percentage of total crashes involving distraction. The document also discusses the attributes of driver distraction as recorded in the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA) databases.
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Table 1 Fatal Crashes, Drivers in Fatal Crashes, and Fatalities in Crashes, by Year Year 2005 Crashes 39,252 DriversOverall 59,220^ Fatalities 43,510 Crashes 4,026 DistractionDrivers Fatalities (^2006) 38,648 57,846 42,708 (10%)5,245 (14%)^ 5,455^ 4,217^ (7%) (9%)^ (10%)^ 5,836 (14%)^ 4, (^20072008) 37,43534,172 56,01950,416 41,25937,423 5,329 (14%)5,307^ 5,552 (10%) (14%)^ 5, (^2009) 30,797 45,230 33,808 (16%)4,898 (16%)^ 5,477^ (11%)^ 5,084 (11%)^ 5,838^ (16%) (16%)^ 5,
Figure 1 Crashes Involving Driver Distraction by Crash Severity
Percenteage of Creashe Involving
Driver Distraction (^0) Year
TotalPDOInjury
Fatal
Table A Attributes for Driver-Related Factor in the FARS Database Attribute Examples Operating the Vehicle in Careless or Inattentive Manner Includes use of car/cell phones, text messaging, fax, GPS/head- up display systems, DVD player, etc.; driver distracted by children; driver lighting cigarette; operat ing or adjusting radio and other- accessories; reading, talking, daydreaming, eating, looking for an address, crash in next lane, au- tomated highway sign, approach ing emergency vehicle, using electric razor, applying cosmetics,- Cellular Telephone Present in Vehicle^ painting nails, etc. Includes hand-held and hands- free cellular telephones. 1991- 2001: Includes the use of or presence of a phone. 2001 and later: Includes only presence in Cellular Phone in Use in Vehicles vehicleIncludes hand-held and hands- free cellular telephone Computer/Fax Machines/Printers Onboard Navigation System Laptop/notebook computers; PDAs; fax machines Two-Way Radio Head-up Display
Table B Attributes for Driver Distracted By in the GES Database Attribute Examples By other occupant By moving object in vehicle While talking or listening to cellular phone Distracted by occupant in driver’s vehicle; includes conversing with or looking at other occupantDistracted by moving object in driver’s vehicle; includes dropped object, moving pet, insect, cargo.Talking or listening on cellular phone While dialing cellular phone Other cellular phone-related (2007 and later) Dialing or text messaging on cell phone or any wireless email deviceUsed when the police report indicated the driver is distracted from the driving task due to cellular phone involvement, but none of the specified codes are applicable (reaching for cellular phone, While adjusting climate controls etc.). This code is also applied when specific details regarding cellular phone distraction / usage^ are not provided.Adjusting air conditioner or heater While adjusting radio, cassette or CD While using other devices/controls integral to vehicle Adjusting radio, cassette, or CD in vehicleAdjusting windows, door locks, rear view manual, seat, steering wheel, adjusting seat belts, etc. While using or reaching for device/object brought into vehicle Distracted by outside person, object, or event Radar detector, CDs, razors, portable CD player, headphones, cigarette lighter, etc.Animals on roadside or previous crash. Do not use when driver has recognized object/event and Eating or drinking Smoking-related driver has taken evasive actionEating or drinking or actively related to these actionsSmoking or involved in activity related to smoking Distraction/inattention, details unknown Inattentive or lost in thought Other distraction Distraction and/or inattention are noted on the PAR but the specifics are unknownDriver is thinking about items other than the driving task (e.g., daydreaming)Details regarding the driver’s distraction are known but none of the specified codes are applicable
Table C Comparison of Fatal Crash Data for Current and Previous Definitions for Distraction Year 2005 Distracted-Driving Crashes 4,026 Distracted-Driving^ Current Definition Drivers 4,217^ Distracted-Driving Fatalities 4,472 Distracted-Driving Crashes 4,117 Previous Definition Distracted-Driving Drivers 4,309 Distracted-Driving Fatalities 4, 200620072008 5,2455,3295,307 5,4555,5525,477 5,8365,9175,838 5,3235,3985,372 5,5365,6235,542 5,9175,9885, Source:^2009 NCSA , FARS 2005-2008 (Final), 2009 (ARF)^ 4,898^ 5,084^ 5,474^ 4,963^ 5,150^ 5,
(^8) Table F NMVCCS Data Critical Reason Examples Internal distraction^ Reserved for crashes in which the driver fails to recognize a situation requiring a response because his/her atten^ tion is directed to some event, object, person, or activity inside the vehicle. Relevant examples include tuning the radio, adjusting the heat/cooling system, engaging in a conversation with a passenger, using a cell phone, retriev ing fallen objects, reading books/magazines/maps/invoices, etc. -- External distraction^ Crashes in which the driver fails to recognize a situation requiring a response because his/her attention is^ directed to some event, object, person, or activity outside the vehicle. Relevant examples include searching for a street address, construction activity, looking at a building or scenery, looking at a sign, looking at a previous crash site, etc. Distractions are distinguished from inattention in that distractions induce the driver to focus at tention on the distraction. - Inattention^ Used when the driver fails to recognize a situation that demands a response because his/her attention has wan^ dered from the driv on internal thoughts (i.e., daydreaming, problem-solving, worry attention on the driving task.ing task for some non-compelling reason. In this ciring about family problem, etc.) and not focusingcumstance, the driver is typically focusing- Looking at other occupants Driver distracted from the driving task by looking at the movement or actions of other occupants in the vehicle^ NMVCCS Data:^ Associated Factors: Interior Non-Driving Activity Dialing/hanging up phone Adjusting radio/CD Driver distracted from the driving task as a result of dialing or hanging up a phone, adjusting phone controls, or attempting to retrieve voicemail messages during the pre-crash phase.Driver distracted from the driving task as a result of attempting to adjust the sound system controls Adjusting other vehicle controls Retrieving object from floor Driver distracted as a result of adjusting heat, vent, air conditioning and other OEM or aftermarket controlsDriver distracted as a result of attempting to retrieve an object from the floor/seat. Does not relate to smoking/ eating. Retrieving object from other location Eating or drinking Driver distracted as a result of attempting to retrieve an object from other than the floor/seat. Does not include eating/smokingDriver distracted as a result of activities related to eating or drinking Smoking Reading Map/directions/news paper - Driver distracted by activities related to smokingDriver distracted as a result of looking at a map, reading directions or a newspaper or some other material Focused on other object Text messaging Driver distracted as a result of focusing on other object in vehicleDriver distracted as a result of sending text messages NMVCCS Data: Associated Factors: Conversing With passenger On phone On CB radio Driver is conversing with at least one other passenger in the vehicle during pre-crash phaseDriver is conversing on a phone (including hands free phones) during pre-crash phaseDriver is conversing on a CB radio during pre-crash phase Other Looking at previous crash Driver is engaged in conversation, but either medium or context is not describedDriver removes focus from driving task to look at previous crash NMVCCS Data: Associated Factors: Exterior Non-Driving Activity Looking at other traffic Looking for address Looking at outside person Driver removes focus from driving task to look at other trafficDriver removes focus from driving task to look for a street addressDriver removes focus from driving task to look at outside person Looking at building Unspecified outside focus Looking at animal Driver removes focus from driving task to look at a buildingDriver removes focus from driving task to look outsideDriver removes focus from driving task to look at an animal Personal problem Family problem^ NMVCCS Data: Used when the driver is thinking about a personal problem (work related, office related)Used when the driver is thinking about a family problem (within family or between family/non-family)^ Associated Factors: Inattentive Driver Behavior (Thinking About) Financial problem Preceding argument Future event Used when the driver is thinking about a personal financial problemDriver is thinking about a preceding argument (may have occurred more than 12 hours prior to crash)Driver is thinking about a future event that has a pleasant connection Inattentive (thought focus unknown) Other Inattentive driver but nature of thoughts cannot be determinedDriver is thinking about topic area not described in preceding elements.