History of Disability Policy in the US: From Benefits to Rights, Slides of Public Health

Download History of Disability Policy in the US: From Benefits to Rights and more Slides Public Health in PDF only on Docsity!

DISABILITY AND PUBLIC

POLICY IN THE UNITED

STATES

Purpose of Presentation



Identify stages in the development ofDisability Policy in the United States in the 20

th

Century



Introduce national governmentrehabilitation and disability agencies



Explain the role of interest groups

Stage I: National and State Disability

Income Benefits Policy

Types of Programs:

Programs for those injured at work or veteransPrograms that pay benefits to persons who aredisabled and poorGeneral Disability Programs that that paybenefits to those who are enrolled in/insured bythe program

Stage I: Income Benefits

Legislation



Social Security Act, 1935, benefits to retirees andblind people.



Social Security Disability Insurance, 1956,benefits for people who could show they weredisabled and who had paid into the system.



Supplemental Security Income, 1974, benefits fordisabled, blind and aged people who are poor.

Stage I: Health Legislation--

Medicaid



Social Security Act, 1965, Medicaid

• Sets up a partnership between different levels of

government

• Aims at improving access and quality of health

care for the poor.

Stage I: Health Legislation—

Medicaid (continued)

• Mandatory benefits include hospital and

physician services, screening and treatment ofchildren for various sicknesses andimpairments.

• Optional benefits have been used to assist

disabled with assistive technology and homeaides

Stage I: Health Legislation—

Medicare (continued)



Medicare Structure

• Part A: Hospital Insurance covers hospital

expenses for specified periods

• Part B: Voluntary, benefits covers a wide range

of physician and outpatient services, surgicalprocedures, ambulance services; very limitedlong term care coverage

Stage II: Beyond Income and

Health Policy to Community

Integration and Research



Education Policy



Employment and Work Policy



Research



Accessibility

Stage II: Governmental

Support for Rehabilitation and

Disability Research



U.S. National Institute on Disability andRehabilitation Research:http://www.ed.gov/offices/OSERS/NIDRR



U.S. Department of Veteran’s Affairs:http://www.vard.org/cent/centers.htm

Stage II: Governmental

Support for Rehabilitation and

Disability Research (continued)



National Science Foundation:

http:// www.nsf.gov

National Center for Medical Rehabilitation

Research (National Institutes of Health): http://www.nichd.nih.gov

Stage II: National Institute on

Disability and Rehabilitation

Research (NIDRR) Mission



Research to support re-integration intosociety



New Paradigm of Disability: Disability is arelationship between impairment and theenvironment

Stage II: NIDRR Long Range

Plan: Research Elements



Employment Outcomes



Health and Function



Technology for Access and Function



Independent Living and Community Integration



Information Dissemination



Associated Areas: Disability Statistics, outcomemeasures, international

Stage II: NIDRR Programs

(continued)



Advanced Rehabilitation Training Projects



Americans with Disabilities Act TechnicalAssistance



Assistive Technology Act

Stage II: NIDRR Research

Structure



Centers of Excellence Model



Competitive grants process



IRB



Peer Review



Program Review