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DIGITAL FINAL REVIEW FINAL TEST
QUESTIONS WITH ANSWERS REVEALED
The beam that contains useful or diagnostic information is known as the: A. Incident beam B. Remnant beam C. Penetrating beam D. Scattered beam - ANSWER B. Remnant beam Digital imaging systems have a large dynamic range, which means they can respond to a range of: A. Exposures B. Positions C. Body habitus D. Image receptors - ANSWER A. Exposures In analog imaging, the intensifying screen converts x-rays into: A. Electrons B. Protons C. A latent image D. Light photons - ANSWER D. Light photons In an analog-to-digital converter, the analog input consists of: A. Numeric data B. Silver halide crystals C. Light photons D. Electrons - ANSWER D. Electrons Which of the following symbols compose the binary language? A. 0 B. 1 C. # - ANSWER A and B
How many shades of gray does an 8-bit image display? A. 8 B. 16 C. 64 D. 256 - ANSWER D. 256 As pixel size decreases, the recorded detail: A. Increases B. Decreases C. Remains unchanged D. Is unknown - ANSWER A. Increase Scintillation refers to a material's ability to give off: A. Electrons B. X-rays C. Heat D. Light - ANSWER D. Light The acronym PSP stands for photostimulable: A. Proton B. Phosphor C. Plate D. PLatform - ANSWER B. Phosphor During processing, image data is released from a PSP receptor after the receptor is struck by: A. A red laser beam B. X-radiation C. An electron beam D. A chemical spray - ANSWER A. A red laser beam Direct image formation converts x-rays into: A. Light photons B. Numerical data
D. Smaller pixel size and lower spatial resolution - ANSWER A. Larger pixel size and lower spatial resolution For flat-panel detectors, the spatial resolution is determined by the size of the: A. Image receptor B. PSPs C. DELs D. Imaging field - ANSWER C. DELs (detector elements) The Nyquist Theorem states that for a given spatial resolution, you must sample the signal at _____ times the desired sampling frequency. A. 2 B. 4 C. 8 D. 16 - ANSWER A. 2 A digital receptor can produce an image that appears acceptable on a display monitor, but that was produced between: A. 100% underexposure and 100% overexposure B. 50% underexposure and 100% overexposure C. 50% underexposure and 50% overexposure D. 100% underexposure and 50% overexposure - ANSWER B. 50% underexposure and 100% overexposure Which of the following is a visual cue that a digital image is underexposed? A. Loss of image contrast B. Loss of image resolution C. Increase in image size D. Increase in image noise - ANSWER D. Increase in image noise Receptor blur is the result of: A. Image saturation B. Image magnification C. Patient motion
D. Imaging equipment - ANSWER D. Imaging equipment When a digital fluoroscopy unit's magnification button is used, the resulting magnification is due to a decrease in the size of the: A. Input phosphor B. Output phosphor C. Photocathode D. Focusing lenses - ANSWER A. Input phosphor Scanning the barcode on a PSP plate is extremely important because it links the image data with the correct: A. Scanning parameters B. Processing parameters C. Field size D. Patient - ANSWER D. Patient Which device allows for an increased scanning precision compared with a mechanical arm? A. Rotating mirror B. Photocathode C. Detector element D. Entrance rollers - ANSWER A. Rotating mirror In a PSP plate reader, the light guide collects the light and directs it into a: A. Photocathode B. Photomultiplier tube C. Thin-film transistor D. High-frequency sampler - ANSWER B. Photomultiplier tube PSP plates are erased after processing by exposing the plate to: A. High-intensity light B. A magnetic field C. High temperatures D. X-radiation - ANSWER A. High-intensity light
Type 3 a priori analysis is unique because it takes into account which patient characteristic? A. Body habitus B. Gender C. Prosthesis D. Age - ANSWER C. Prosthesis Neural analysis compares exposure data from the receptor with: A. Maximum and minimum values B. Values in a predefined data set C. Values in a medium to maximum range D. Patient-relevant values only - ANSWER B. Values in a predefined data set Visual cues that an image has been overexposed are not easily seen in digital radiography because of: A. Rescaling B. Histogram analysis C. Matrix size D. Scintillators - ANSWER A. Rescaling The acronym EI is a vendor-neutral term that stands for exposure: A. Index B. Indicator C. Increase D. Improvement - ANSWER B. Indicator All of the following are examples of EIs except: A. "S" numbers B. DQE C. lgM D. REX - ANSWER B. DQE The addition of a metal prosthesis into the image data set affects:
- Image brightness
- Image contrast
- The EI A. 1 and 2 B. 1 and 3 C. 2 and 3 D. 1, 2, and 3 - ANSWER D. 1, 2, and 3 A DAP meter measures patient dose as the x-rays: A. Enter the patient's skin B. Exit the patient's skin C. Interact with sensitive anatomy D. Exit the x-ray tube - ANSWER A. Enter the patient's skin All of the following are advantages to digitizing radiographs except: A. It allows radiologists to view images in new ways B. It provides electronic access to digitized images C. The image can be uploaded to a PACS D. Artifacts are removed during the process - ANSWER D. Artifacts are removed during the process In CRT technology, an electron gun fires electrons at a: A. TFT display B. Crystal C. Photocathode D. Fluorescent screen - ANSWER D. Fluorescent screen Which of the following increases as the matrix size of a display monitor increases? A. Pixel size B. Spatial resolution C. Contrast resolution D. Patient dose - ANSWER B. Spatial resolution The brightness of a display monitor is referred to as:
B. 16
C. 64
D. 256 - ANSWER D. 256
Modifying demographic and image data on a workstation also alters the: A. Exam parameters B. Diagnostic information C. Permanent patient record D. Accession number - ANSWER C. Permanent patient record How many images/second does it take CRT monitors to refresh: A. 20- B. 30- C. 60- D. 120-200 - ANSWER C. 60- Cassettes that are specially designed for scoliosis exams contain how many PSP plates? A. 1 B. 2 C. 3 D. 4 - ANSWER B. 2 If an image is acquired with the orientation of the image receptor upside- down, what modality workstation tool can be used to rent the image the correct way? A. Rotate B. Crop C. Mask D. Annotate - ANSWER A. Rotate An advantage of LCD monitors over CRT monitors is that LCD monitors: A. Have less screen glare B. Lower measurable black levels C. Have better color reproduction
D. Are more durable - ANSWER A. Have less screen glare Pixel pitch describes: A. How close pixels are to each other B. The size of the largest pixel C. The size of the smallest pixel D. How many pixels can be seen - ANSWER A. How close pixels are to each other Current ACR standards specify that gray-scale monitors used for interpreting radiographs provide a minimum of how many cd/m^2? A. 120 B. 171 C. 256 D. 329 - ANSWER B. 171 (candelas per square meter) The delayed light emission that occurs in a CRT monitor after the screen refreshes is called: A. Persistance B. Luminance C. Resolution D. Radiance - ANSWER A. Persistance Using a workstation to cover the unexposed area of an image with a black border is called: A. Collimating B. Bordering C. Shuttering D. Cropping - ANSWER C. Shuttering When an image is obtained on several imaging plates that need to be combined later into one image, the process is referred to as: A. Stitching B. Merging C. Annotating
C. Inside patient anatomy D. Away from the image receptor - ANSWER B. Outside the collimated field Most artifacts that appear when using cassette-based digital imaging are cause by: A. DELs B. Dust and dirt C. Static electricity D. Entrance rollers - ANSWER B. Dust and dirt DAP is a measurement of: A. Brightness B. Contrast C. Exposure D. Collimation - ANSWER C. Exposure In digital imaging, what is the most common cause of image blur? A. Exposure settings B. Equipment C. Processing parameters D. The patient - ANSWER D. The patient Most digital artifacts appear: A. Black B. White C. Gray D. Magnified - ANSWER B. White Of the choices listed below, which ones may be the cause of inappropriate brightness on a digital image:
- Poor positioning
- Poor collimation
- Incorrect menu selection
A. 1 and 2 B. 1 and 3 C. 2 and 3 D. 1, 2 and 3 - ANSWER D. 1, 2 and 3 When the exposure absorbed by the image receptor surpasses the level at which the image receptor can respond, what is said to occur? A. Capacity B. Excessive radiation C. Saturation D. Permeation - ANSWER C. Saturation What is the primary cause of quantum noise? A. Insufficient collimation B. Insufficient signal strength C. Excessive scatter D. Excessive fog - ANSWER B. Insufficient signal strength There is a wavy appearing artifact in a localized area of an image. What may this artifact be due to:
- Laser disruption
- Patient motion
- Plate disruption A. 1 and 2 B. 1 and 3 C. 2 and 3 D. 1, 2 and 3 - ANSWER B. 1 and 3 Which of the following are causes of radiographic blur:
- Incorrect grid ratio
- Geometric factors
- Patient motion A. 1 and 2 B. 1 and 3
D. Extended processor time - ANSWER C. A low developer temperature Excessive radiation is defined as using more than _____ times the level of radiation needed to produce a diagnostic quality image. A. 2 B. 3 C. 5 D. 10 - ANSWER B. 3 Light guides may become dirty. If this occurs in digital imaging, how might the resulting artifacts appear? A. White and irregular B. White and linear C. Black and irregular D. Black and linear - ANSWER B. White and linear Every computer on a network has a unique identifier known as a(n): A. Router address B. IP address C. Operating systems D. PACS address - ANSWER B. IP address The major challenge with burning images to a disc to share the image information with another facility is: A. High expense B. Loss of use C. Size limitations D. Viewing images on the receiving end - ANSWER D. Viewing images on the receiving end Which of the following is an example of an image acquisition modality workstation? A. 3-D reconstruction workstation B. Quality control workstation C. Radiologist workstation
D. CT scanner workstation - ANSWER D. CT scanner workstation The greatest benefit of installing PACS software on existing computers throughout the medical facility is increased: A. Image size B. Access C. Viewing functionality D. Image detail - ANSWER B. Access In the absence of a PACS, digital images can be: A. Sent wirelessly to an intranet B. Viewed on the internet C. Stored on a network server D. Laser printed - ANSWER D. Laser printed A radiology information system (RIS) can do which of the following: A. Collect and display orders B. Pre-fetch prior image studies C. Store electronic image data D. Adjust window and level - ANSWER A. Collect and display orders The term "Night Hawking" describes a radiologist contractor who: A. Is not bound by HIPAA B. Is not licensed C. Has no legal accountability D. Interprets images off-site - ANSWER D. Interprets images off-site A PACS uses a RAID as its main: A. Viewing device B. Delivery device C. Storage device D. Acquisition device - ANSWER C. Storage device Workstations designated as "diagnostic workstations" typically are used only by:
- Digital fluoroscopy A. 1 and 2 B. 1 and 3 C. 2 and 3 D. 1, 2 and 3 - ANSWER D. 1, 2 and 3 What device connects 2 or more networks? A. Full network switch B. Half network switch C. Interface card D. Router - ANSWER D. Router Long-term storage of digital images occurs in which type of storage system? A. Redundant array B. Archive C. Online D. Workstation - ANSWER B. Archive A typical 5-view lumbar spine series requires storage space up to: A. 5 MB B. 10 MB C. 20 MB D. 25 MB - ANSWER D. 25 MB A computer network limited to a relatively small geographical area is known as a: A. GAN B. STAN C. WAN D. LAN - ANSWER D. LAN The software standards used for the exchange of the text-based electronic information in health care are known as:
A. DICOM
B. SCU
C. HIS
D. HL7 - ANSWER D. HL
At what time of the day would prefetching usually occur? A. Near the end of the workday B. The start of the workday C. During the night D. During the lunch hour - ANSWER C. During the night Primary barriers must be equivalent to at least which thickness of lead? A. 1/8 inch (3.2mm) B. 1/16 inch (1.6mm) C. 1/32 inch (0.8mm) D. 1/64 inch (04.mm) - ANSWER B. 1/16 inch (1.6mm) The thickness of a bucky-slot cover found in a fluoroscopic unit is: A. 1.0mm pb/eq B. 0.5mm pb/eq C. 0.25mm pb/eq D. 0.16mm pb/eq - ANSWER C. 0.25mm pb/eq To absorb weak x-rays that could leave the x-ray tube and increase patient dose, a filter is added to the x-ray tube housing equal to at least: A. 25mm aluminium equivalent B. 2.5mm aluminium equivalent C. 0.25 mm aluminium equivalent D. 0.025mm aluminium equivalent - ANSWER B. 2.5mm aluminium equivalent Generally, what increases as the speed of a digital image receptor increases? A. Spatial resolution B. Image noise
