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DIGESTIVE SYSTEM
Study Guide pg. 1 List and describe the 6 steps of digestion and the structures involved. Step structure
What is segmentation? Where throughout the alimentary canal does it occur? How much of the resting cardiac output does the digestive system get after a meal? Explain the hepatic portal system. Discuss the 4 tunics of the alimentary canal and identify their purposes. Tunic location tissue type purposes
subdivisions: a. b. c.
Briefly discuss the accessory organs of the digestive system (mouth / lips / palates / tongue {intrinsic vs. extrinsic muscles; taste buds} / salivary glands / liver / gallbladder / pancreas)
Define bolus: Define chyme : Discuss the differences between long and short digestive reflexes: List the 3 salivary glands:
What is saliva composed of? What are its purposes? What type of food does it begin digesting? What stimulates or inhibits its production? What are the 3 sections of pharynx? Which are passageways of food? What is the purpose of the esophagus? STOMACH Draw a stomach and label its parts (fundus / cardiac region / greater curve / lesser curve / antrum / pylorus {pyloric sphincter} How does the smooth muscular layer of the stomach differ from that of the esophagus or small intestine?
Compare the surface area in the small intestine to a tennis court. How long does food stay in the small intestine? Most digestive fluids found in the small intestine come from elsewhere. What fluids, digestive or otherwise, does it secrete itself? What does each do?
PANCREAS It secretes insulin, which is not a digestive product. It does secrete pancreatic juice to aid digestion. What does that contain and do? Substance contained purpose
LIVER What are the liver’s functions? What is its only digestive function?
Describe the following: (what do they contain? what structure do they drain? what do they empty into?) bile ductules (empty into l/r hepatic ducts) – common hepatic duct – cystic duct – common bile duct – What is the gall bladder’s job? What does bile do? LARGE INTESTINE (colon) How long does food stay here? How long is it? List 3 functions of the large intestine.
Draw the colon and label its parts. (cecum / vermiform appendix / ascending colon / hepatic flexure / transverse colon / splenic flexure / descending colon / sigmoid colon / rectum / haustra / teniae coli / internal anal sphincter / external anal sphincter) What is the job of the teniae coli? What is the job of the haustra? What do intestinal bacteria do?
DEFECATION How often does peristalsis occur in the colon? Describe and discuss mass movements. What is the intrinsic intestinal reflex? What is the parasympathetic intestinal reflex?
