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Differences Between Classical and Operant Conditioning ..., Schemes and Mind Maps of Psychology

Operant conditioning usually deals with voluntary behaviors such as active behaviors that operate on the environment.

Typology: Schemes and Mind Maps

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LP 5C examples of CC 1
12/28/18
Differences Between
Classical and Operant Conditioning
Classical Conditioning Operant Conditioning
In classical conditioning, the organism
learns an association between two
stimuli—the UCS and NS (eg. food and
tone)—that occurs before the natural
response (eg. salivation).
In operant conditioning, the organism
learns an association between behavior
and its consequences. Behavior
changes because of the consequence
that occur after it.
UCS UCR
NS
CS CR
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LP 5C examples of CC 1

Differences Between

Classical and Operant Conditioning

Classical Conditioning

Operant Conditioning

In classical conditioning, the organismlearns an

association between two

stimuli

—the UCS and NS (eg. food and

tone)—that occurs before the naturalresponse (eg. salivation).

In operant conditioning, the organismlearns an association between

behavior

and its consequences

. Behavior

changes because of the consequencethat occur

after

it.

UCS

UCR

NS

CS

CR

LP 5C examples of CC 2

Classical conditioning usually dealswith reflexive or involuntary responsessuch as physiological or emotionalresponses.

Operant conditioning usually deals withvoluntary behaviors such as activebehaviors that operate on theenvironment.

Although classical and operant conditioning are different processes, manylearning situations involve both.

LP 5C examples of CC 4

Operant Conditioning

Operant conditioning is the basic learning process that involves changing theprobability that a response will be repeated by manipulating the consequences(reinforcements or punishments) of that response.

Reinforcements

A consequence that follows a behavior that makesthat behavior more likely to occur in the future.Behaviors that are reinforced

are more

likely to

occur.

Punishments

A consequence that follows a behavior that makesthat behavior less likely to occur in the future.Behaviors that are punished

are less

likely to

occur.

LP 5C examples of CC 5

Reinforcements and punishments are defined by the effect they produce.

•^

Money is not a reinforcement if it doesn’t increase behavior.

•^

Spankings are not punishments if they don’t modify behavior (in some casesthey are reinforcements because they increase the likelihood of behavior).