Difference between micro and macro climate, Study Guides, Projects, Research of Climatology

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Difference between micro and macro climate

Micro-climate - The variations in localized climate around a building

Macro-climate - The climate of a larger area such as a region or a country

Micro-Climate – Effects of Buildings

Buildings themselves create further micro-climates by shading the ground, changing wind flow patterns. One example of how buildings affect the local climate is the heat island effect in large cities where the average temperature is higher than the surrounding area: Solar energy absorbed and re-emitted from building surfaces, pavements roads etc. creates a warming effect on the surrounding air. Also the large quantities of buildings break up the wind flow, reducing wind speeds and causing the warm air to remain stagnant in the city. This also causes increased pollution as well as temperatures. The presence of local high rise buildings can degrade the local climate as wind speed at ground level can be significantly increased, while extensive shadows block access to sunlight for long periods , increasing space heating costs in surrounding buildings.

Example

Building orientation Landscape Roof system Reflective surfaces shading Thermal mass Building form Building elevation Natural ventilation Channel landscape plantings Cross ventilation Water elements Zones of natural cooling Elevated position

TRADITIONAL ARCHITECTURE

• SELECTION OF SITE- URBAN FABRIC

STREETS-MUTUAL SHADING-WIND

LAYERING OF SPACE( BUFFER SPACE)

• OPENINGS

• MODERN ARCHITECTURE

EARTH SHELTERING, VAULT, WATER

• MODERN ARCHITECTURE