Dietary Approaches to Longevity
Beth Polk, MD, FAAFP
Certified Lifestyle Medicine Physician
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Understanding the Science of Longevity: Diet, Genes, and Interventions, Slides of Medicine
Explore the science of longevity through the lens of dietary approaches, basic science research, epidemiology, clinical studies, and centenarian studies. Learn about the top causes of death, the importance of health span, and various interventions to increase longevity, such as caloric restriction and fasting.
What you will learn
- What role do genes like IGF-1 and mTOR play in aging?
- How does caloric restriction impact longevity?
- How does diet, specifically protein intake, affect longevity?
- What are the top causes of death in the US?
- What are the benefits of fasting for longevity?
Typology: Slides
2021/2022
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Dietary Approaches to Longevity
Beth Polk, MD, FAAFP Certified Lifestyle Medicine Physician
Lifestyle Medicine is the therapeutic use of evidence-
based lifestyle interventions to treat and prevent
lifestyle related diseases in a clinical setting. It
empowers individuals with the knowledge and life
skills to make effective behavior changes that
address the underlying causes of disease.
American College of Lifestyle Medicine
Lifespan
The length of time one lives
Increasing it = delaying the inevitability of death
Current average life expectancy in US in 2019
76 men
81 women
Heart disease Cancer Chronic lower respiratory diseases Accidents (unintentional injuries) Stroke (cerebrovascular diseases) Alzheimer’s disease Diabetes Influenza and pneumonia Nephritis, nephrotic syndrome, and nephrosis Intentional self-harm (suicide) Top 10 Causes of Death - 2017 https://www.cdc.gov/nchs/data/hus/hus16.pdf#
“While death is absolute and inevitable, a loss of the three elements of health span is not. They are relative (different people will have different thresholds of what constitutes decline), analog (they progress in stages rather than exist as an all-or-none switch), and most importantly, they are not inevitable.”
Dr. Peter Attia
How do we study longevity?
Basic science research Epidemiology Clinical studies Centenarian studies
Basic Science Research – Aging Genes
IGF- 1
Laron Syndrome:
mutation in IGF-1 receptor leading to dwarfism Very marked reduction of cancer and diabetes despite poor diet and lifestyle choices
Basic Science Research – Aging Genes
PKA and RAS
PKA mutations extent lifespan in yeast, mice RAS mutations show improved resistance to oxidative stress in yeast, nematodes, fruit flies and mammalian neuronal cells Sugar activates PKA and RAS
Epidemiology
JAMA Int. Med 2016 - prospective cohort study (131,342 Nurses Health and Health Professionals Follow-up Study Data Higher animal protein intake = increased CV mortality Higher plant protein intake = decreased CV and all-cause mortality (among those with 1 lifestyle risk factor) Cell Metabolism 2014 – epidemiologic study (6,381 NHANES III data) High levels of IGF-1 age 50- 65 assoc with high protein diet High protein intake before age 65 assoc with 75% inc risk of death and 4x inc risk of cancer Song, et. al; JAMA Intern Med. 2016;176(10):1453- 1463 Levine, et. al; Cell Metab. 2014 March 4; 19(3): 407– 417
Epidemiology
JAMA Int. Med 2013 – Adventist Health Study 2 Lower all cause mortality and some disease specific mortality for all forms of vegetarian diets (best for pescatarian) AJLM 2017 Summary of Cohort Studies on dietary patterns Significant reductions in cognitive impairment with Mediterranean diet (40%) Orlich et. al; JAMA Intern Med. 2013;173(13):1230- 1238 Merchand et. al; AJLM Volume: 12 issue: 4, page(s): 268- 285