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for noncontact measurement of temperature of a subject by utilizing infrared radiation exchange between the subject and the sensor. E 344, E infrared radiation, n--radiation for which the wavelengths of the monochromatic components are greater than those for vissible radiation, and less than about 1 mm. NozE--The limits of the spectral range of infrared radiation are not well defined and may vary according to the user. Committee E-2.1.2 of the CIE distinguishes in the spectral range between 780 nm and 1 mm: IFI-A 780 to 1400 nm IFI-B 1.4 to 3 IJrn IR-C 3 IJm to 1 mm
E 349, E infrared reflector--a material with a reflectance in the infrared region as close as possible to 1.00. E 1316, E infrared response--a particular type of optical system used in some scanners. As a general rule, nonscan inks for this purpose are in the red portion of the color spectrum. F 149, F infrared sensing device---one of a wide class of instruments used to display or record, or both information related to the thermal radiation received from any object surfaces viewed by the instru- ment. The instrument varies in complexity from spot radiometers to two-dimensional real-time imaging systems. E 1316, E infrared spectroscopy--pertaining to spectroscopy in the infrared region of the electromagnetic spectrum. E 131, E infrared thermographer--the person qualified or trained to use infrared imaging radiometer. E 1316, E infrared thermography--see thermography, infrared. E 1316, E inglaze decorationmSee inglaze decoration under decoration. C 242, C ingot, n--cast form suitable for fabricating (rolling, forging, extrud- ing, and so forth) or remelting. B 881, B ingot, n - - a casting of simple shape suitable for hot-working or remelting. B 899, B ingot---cast metal in a form intended for subsequent fabrication. E 7, E ingot and ingot bar--refinery shapes used for remelting (not fabri- cation). Ingots normally range in weight from 20 to 35 lb (9 to 16 kg) and ingot bars from 50 to 70 lb (23 to 32 kg). Both are usually notched to facilitate breaking into smaller pieces. B 846, B ingot scum--slag, dross, or oxidation appearing on the top surface of ingots during pouring, which, when entrapped, is a source of inclusions. E 7, E inherent ash, n--the residue remaining from the inherent impurities after ignition under conditions specified for the ash determination. D 121, D inherent flame-resistance, n--as applied to textiles, flame resistance that derives from an essential characteristic of the fiber from which the textile is made. (Compare tiame resistance.) D 123, D inherent flame-resistance, n---as applied to textiles, flame resistance that derives from an essential characteristic of the fiber from which the textile is made. (Compare t a m e resistance.) D 4391, D inherent fluorescence---fluorescencethat is an intrinsic characteristic of a material. E 1316, E inherent impurity, n--the inorganic material in coal that is structur- ally part of the coal and cannot be separated from it by coal preparation methods. D 121, D inherently time-resistant, adj--having inherent flame-resistance. D 123, D inherently-time-resistant, adj--having inherent flame-resistance. D 4391, D inherent moisture--See inherent moisture under moisture. D 121, D inherent viscosity--see viscosity, inherent. D 1695, D inhibition load XX (ILXX), n - - a statistically or graphically esti- mated loading rate of test material that is expected to cause a
initial deformation temperature (IT), n
XX % inhibition of a biological process (such as growth or reproduction) which has an analog as opposed to a digital measure. D 4175, D inidbition load XX (ILXX), n - - a statistically or graphically esti- mated loading rate of test material that is expected to cause a XX % inhibition of a biological process (such as growth or reproduction) of a representative subpopulation of organisms under specified conditions and is expressed as an analog as opposed to digital measure. D 4175, D inhibition load XX (ILXX), n - - a statistically or graphically esti- mated loading rate of test material that is expected to cause a XX % inhibition of a biological process (such as growth or reproduction) of a representative subpopulation of organisms under specified conditions and is expressed as an analog as opposed to digital measure. D 6384, D inhibitor--a substance used to reduce the rate of a chemical or electrochemical reaction, commonly corrosion or pickling. B 374, B inhibitor--a material that stops or slows a chemical reaction from occurring. D 653, D 18 inhibitor, n - - a substance used in low concentration which suppresses a chemical reaction. D 883, D inhibitor, n - - a substance used to suppress a chemical reaction. D 907, D inhibitor, n--material used to suppress a chemical reaction. D 1566, D l l inhibitor--any substance which when added to an electrical insulat- ing fluid retards or prevents undesirable reactions. D 2864, D inhibitor, n - - a chemical compound added to engine coolant to mitigate cooling system degradation. D 4725, D inhibitor--a substance added to a material to retard or prevent deterioration. D 4790, D inhibitor, n - - a substance used in low concentration which suppresses chemical reaction. (D20) F 412, F initial backfill--location for placement of selected material, native or import, extending from the top of the bedding material to an elevation 1 ft above top of pipe. C 896, C initial boiling point--the temperature observed immediately after the first drop of distillate falls into the receiving cylinder during a distillation test. D 4790, D initial boiling point (IBP), n--the point at which a cumulative volume count equal to 0.5 % of the total volume count under the chromatogram is obtained. D 4175, D initial calibration b l a n k - - a solution containing no analyte that is used for initial calibration and zeroing of the instrument response. E 1605, E initial calibration blank (ICB)--a standard solution that contains no analyte and is used for the initial calibration and zeroing instru- ment response. E 631, E initial calibration veritication--a solution (or set of solutions) of known analyte concentration used to verify calibration standard levels; the concentration of analyte is to be near the mid-range of the working range of the linear curve that is made from a stock solution having a different manufacturer or manufactured lot identification than the calibration standards. E 1605, E initial calibration verification (ICV)--a standard solution (or set of solutions) used to verify calibration standard levels; the concen- tration of analyte is to be near mid-range of the linear curve that is made from a stock solution having a different manufacturer or manufacturer lot identification than the calibration standards. E 631, E initial consolidation (initial compression)--see consolidation. D 653, D initial cost--See first cost. E 631, E initial cost, n--See first cost. E 833, E initial deformation temperature (IT), n--in reference to the fusibil- ity of coal and coke ashaccording to Test Method D 1857, the temperature at which the first rounding of the apex of the cone
initial deformation temperature (IT), n
occurs. Shrinkage or warping of the cone is ignored if the tip remains sharp. D 121, D
initial deformation temperature, IT, n - - t h e temperature at which
the first rounding of the apex of a pyrometric cone occurs; shrinking or warping of the cone is ignored if the tip remains sharp. D 5681, D
initial deformation temperature, IT--the temperature at which the
first rounding of the apex of a pyrometric cone occurs. Shrinking or warping of the cone is ignored if the tip remains sharp. D 5681, D
initial grab, n--the ability of a wet-state material to remain in place initially after it has been applied. E 2110, E
initial investment cost--See first cost. E 631, E
initial investment cost, n--See first cost. E 833, E
initial modulus, n--the slope of the initial straight portion of a stress-strain or force-elongation curve. D 123, D
initial modulus, n--in a stress-strain curve, the slope of the initial straight-line portion of the curve. D 4848, D
initial modulus, n--the slope of the initial straight portion of a stress-strain (or force elongation) curve. D 6477, D
initial permeability--the slope of the induction curve at zero magnetizing force as the test specimen is being removed from a demagnetizing condition (slope at origin of BH curve before hysteresis is observed). E 1316, E
initial potential--see charge acceptance. F 335, F
initial pulse--the response of the ultrasonic system display to the transmitter pulse (sometimes called main bang). E 1316, E
initial rate of absorption, n - - a measure of the suction of water
upward into a dry brick from a bed face during one minute of exposure. C 43, C initial recovery, n--the decrease in strain in a specimen resulting from the removal of force, before creep recovery takes place. E 6, E initial set--a degree of stiffening of a grout mixture generally stated as an empirical value indicating the time in hours and minutes that is required for a mixture to stiffen sufficiently to resist the penetration of a weighted test needle. D 653, D initial set, n - - a time-related set caused by the hydration process. E 2110, E initial setting time--the time interval from the start of mixing the component parts at a specified temperature, (a) to that time when a Gillmore needle weighing 1 lb (454 g) and having a tip 1/24in. ( ram) in diameter by ¾6 in. (5 mm) long will penetrate mortar 5/8 in. (16 mm) thick to a depth of 3/16 in. (5 mm) in 1 rain, or, (b) to that time at which a 1/4 in. (6.4 mm) wide joint of the mortar between bricks is indented less than 1/24in. (1 mm) by a Vicat needle during a 10-rain period. C 904, C
initial spray angle, n--the plane angle of the spray emerging from
the nozzle discharge orifice. E 1620, E
initial strain, n--the strain introduced into a specimen by the given loading conditions, before creep takes place. E 6, E
initial stress, n--the stress introduced into a specimen by imposing the given constraint conditions before stress relaxation takes place. E 6, E
initial survey--systematic inspection of a dwelling unit by a qualified inspector, using a portable XRF analyzer, atomic absorption spectroscopy, or other approved testing techniques, to determine whether a lead-based paint hazard is present. E 631, E
initial tangent modulus, n--the slope of the stress-strain curve at the
origin. D 907, D
initial temperature---See activation temperature. F 1623, F
initial tensile modulus, Jp (FL-1), Nrn-1, n--for geosynthetics, the
ratio of the change in force per unit width to the change in elongation of the initial portion of a force-elongation curve. D 4439, D
injectability--see groutability. D 653, D
injection molded button, n - - a method of forming which requires the
filling of a cavity under pressure with polymer that will take the form of the mold when cooled. D 123, D
injection molded flooring--a floor surfacing material made by
driving or forcing a polymeric compound into a mold. F 141, F injection molding, n--the process of forming a material by forcing it, in a fluid slate under pressure, through a runner system (sprue, runner, gate(s) into the cavity of a closed mold. D 123, D
injection molding, n--the process of forming a material by forcing it,
in a fluid state and under pressure, through a runner system (sprue, runner, gate(s)) into the cavity of a closed mold. D 883, D
injection molding, n--process by which a rubber compound is forced
into a closed mold by pressure other than the mold clamping force. D 1566, D l l
injection molding, n--the process of forming a material by forcing it,
in a fluid state under pressure, through a runner system (sprue, runner, gate(s)) into the cavity of a closed mold. D 5497, D
injection molding, n--the process of forming a material by forcing it,
under pressure, from a heated cylinder through a sprue (runner, gate) into the cavity of a closed mold. (D20) F 412, F injection seal--a seal accomplished by injecting sealant into holes, joggles, channels, grooves, and other voids caused by buildup of structure boundaries. E 631, E
injection seal--a seal accomplished by injecting sealant into holes,
joggles, channels, grooves, and other voids caused by buildup of structure boundaries. E 1749, E
injection time, n--the time interval from the beginning of screw
forward movement until switching over to hold pressure.
D 883, D
injection timing (injection advance), n--that time in the combustion
cycle, measured in degrees of crank angle, at which fuel injection into the combustion chamber is initiated. D 4175, D
ink deposit--a coating containing a coloring material which transfers
in part or entirely to a copy sheet at the point of pressure contact. (F 129) F 221, F
inked ribbon--a ribbon composed of a supporting substrate of film,
fabric, or paper and a coating or impregnation of a coloring material. The coloring material is of such nature that it will transfer in part or entirely to a copy sheet at the point of pressure contact. (F 129) F 221, F ink fading, n--term used in offset printing for the variation in the ink density (uneven ink film) in the direction of print (as a conse- quence of inking unit design and content of the printing sheet).
D 6488, DO
ink fill-in, n--expansion of a mark beyond specified tolerances.
F 1294, F
ink jet p r i n t e r - - a nonimpact printer in which the characters are
formed by projecting droplets of ink onto a substrate. F 909, F
ink kick-out, n--the settling of pigment or resin in the bulk ink.
D 6488, D
ink layer--(/) the components of the image coating used in thermal
transfer products which contain waxes, resins, pigments and other materials deposited or coated onto a substrate; (2) the layer of thermally sensitive material which is transferred during the ther- mal transfer printing process. F 1623, F
ink misting, n--the ejection of fine particles of ink into the air and
onto the press, occurring when the ink film splits in more than one place. The centrifugal forces generated by high speed rollers can cause this problem. D 6488, D ink mottle, n - - a condition in which large solid images show very localized variations in color strength or gloss, or both.
D 6488, D
ink, OCR--Refer to ANSI X3.86-180. F 149, F
ink over-emulsification, n - - a condition that occurs when a litho-
graphic ink picks up too much dampening solution resulting in a weak print or snowflake pattern. D 6488, D
insert, n
insert, n - - a part consisting of metal or other material that may be molded into position or may be pressed into the molding after the completion of the molding operation. (D20, ISO) F 412, F insert--a reusable, threaded attachment point fixed permanently in the snowboard at the time of manufacture, used to mount the bindings to the board. It is typically arranged in a pattern corresponding to a particular binding manufacturer's pattern. F 1107, F inserted coil--see ID coil. E 1316, E insert-fitting joint--see joint, damped insert-fitting. F 412, F insertion force---the force required to mate two connector halves. B 542, B insertion loss, IL--of a silencer or other sound-reducing element, in a specified frequency band, the decrease in sound power level, measured at the location of the receiver, when a sound insulator or a sound attenuator is inserted in the transmission path between the source and the receiver. C 634, E insert or orifice cup, n--the mechanical break-up component that forces product to flow in a swirl pattern out of the exit orifice in order to produce a fine mist. D 6655, D inserts, n--apparatus placed into the sandwich for attaching items: synonymous with hard points. C 274, D in service coefficient of friction--a coefficient of friction measured under a specified condition of use, which may not be clean and dry, and hence, not a property of the ceramic surface. C 242, C in-service conditions---the normal conditions to which a system and its components will be exposed during their operational lifetimes. This does not include stagnation conditions; see stagnation conditions. E 772, E inside bevel point--bevel point with its beveled face on staple inside; used to produce an outward clinch or to provide additional penetration in the base material, or both. F 592, F inside coil~see ID coil. E 1316, E inside knuckle--the juncture between the inside sidewall and the inside bottom surface of a glass article. C 162, C inside-leg length, n--in body measurements, the vertical distance from the crotch to the soles of the feet. D 123, D inside-out testing~see bell jar testing. E 1316, E inside seam, n - - a seam formed in which the completed seam allowance is located on the interior of the object, usually on the back side of the fabric. (Compare outside seam.) D 123, D inside seam, n - - i n home sewing, a seam having seam allowances located within the interior, or the underside, of the product. (Compare outside seam.) D 4965, D in situ--applied to a rock or soil when occurring in the situation in which it is naturally formed or deposited. D 653, D in-situ--in its original place or environment. D 7099, D in situ--a term used to describe work performed in place or at a facility. E 1605, E in situ treatment, n--treatment, remediation, or cleanup of contami- nated sites and materials in place E 833, E insolation~the use of the term insolation is discouraged in favor of the preferred term, solar irradiance. E 772, E insole---a sole of leather or other material cut to the size and shape of the bottom of the last. In some shoe constructions, the insole surface forms the inside of the bottom of the shoe; in others it is covered with a sock lining of thin material which conceals stitching, nails, etc. (Also known as innersole). F 869, F insolubles, n--inlubricating grease analysis, the material remaining after the acid hydrolysis, water extraction, and solvent extraction of soap-thickened greases. D 4175, D insonification--the introduction or application of ultrasonic energy to a volume of material for the purpose of ultrasonic examination. Also spelled ensonification. E 1316, E inspection, n--the process of measuring, examining, testing, gaging, or otherwise comparing the unit of product with the applicable requirements. A 941, A inspection, n--the process of measuring, examining, testing, gaging,
or otherwise comparing a characteristic or property of a material with applicable requirements. In this case only by visual exami- nation. D 123, D inspection, n--infabric grading, the process of viewing, measuring, examining, or otherwise comparing the visual characteristics of a fabric with applicable requirements. D 123, D inspection, n--the process of measuring, examining, testing, gaging, or otherwise evaluating materials, products, services, systems, or environments. D 1356, D inspection--the process of measuring, examining, testing or other- wise comparing the unit of product. D 1517, D inspection, n--the process of measuring, examining, testing, gaging, or otherwise comparing a characteristic or property of a material with applicable requirements. In this case only by visual exami- nation. D 4850, D inspection--process of measuring, examining, testing, gaging, or using other procedures to ascertain the quality or state, detect errors or defects, or otherwise appraise materials, products, ser- vices, systems, or environments to a pre-established standard. E 1187, E inspection, n--see preferred term examination. E 1316, E inspection--visual examination of the test part after completion of the liquid penetrant processing steps. E 1316, E inspection--process of measuring, examining, testing, gaging, or using other procedures to ascertain the quality or state of, detect errors or defects in, or otherwise appraise materials, products, services, systems, or environments to a preestablished standard. F 1789, F inspection agencymsee inspectionbody, (ISO Guide 2). E 1187, E inspection band, n - - a n area of the bar code symbol where measure- ments are taken spanning from 10 to 90 % of the average bar height. F 1294, F inspection body--body that performs inspection services on behalf of a certification body, (ISO Guide 2). E 1187, E inspection medium--see examination medium. E 1316, E inspection plan--set of instructions defining product characteristics, specifications, or frequency of inspection, or a combination thereof, for product at a specified operation. F 1789, F inspection test--fastener or its selected characteristics tested in process or after manufacture to determine conformance of the fastener or its selected characteristics to the manufacturing speci- fications. F 1789, F inspection torque---torque necessary to maintain tightening motion in a fastener at its fully preloaded installed tension. F 1789, F inspector, n--in pipe laying, an authorized representative of the engineer, or owner, assigned to make any and all necessary inspections of the work performed, including materials and equip- ment furnished. C 1154, C
inspector--for pipe laying, an authorized representative of the
engineer, or owner, assigned to make any and all necessary inspections of the work performed, including materials and equip- ment furnished. D 2946, C inspector--person appointed by an authority to examine and evaluate designated domains for conformance to established rules and regulations. E 631, E installation--the process of assembling dimension stone into a structure. C 119, C 18 installation torque---specified torque applied to an anchor during its installation. E 2265, E instantaneous coefficient of thermal expansionmSee coefficient of thermal expansion. E 7, E instantaneous collector effficiency--see efficiency, instantaneous col- lector. E 772, E instantaneous erosion rate, n--the slope of a tangent to the cumu- lative erosion-time curve at a specified point on that curve. G 40, G instantaneous field of view (IFOV)--for a scanning system, the
insulator (electric)
angular dimensions in object space within which objects are imaged by an individual detector (unit = deg or rad). NOTE--The IFOV is equivalent to the horizontal and vertical fields of view of the individual detector. For small detectors, the detector angular subtenses or projections, ct and [3, are defined by ct = a/f and [3 = b/f where a and b are the horizontal and vertical dimensions of the detector and f is the effective focal length of the optic. (IFOV may also be expressed as a solid angle in units of sr.) E 1316, E
instantaneous sampler--a suspended-sediment sampler that takes a representative specimen of the water-sediment mixture in a stream at a desired depth and moment of time. D 4410, D instantaneous samplingmSee sampling. D 1356, D instep---top part of the arch of a foot over the metatarsal bones from back of the toes to the ankle, also the corresponding part of a shoe last. F 869, F instrumental detection et~ciency--S1MS, the ratio of ions for a particular species detected to ions produced. E 673, EA instrumental detection limit (IDL)--an instrumental measurement value that is used to provide a lower concentration limit for reporting quantitative analysis data for a given instrument. E 631, E
instrumental QC standard--a solution (or set of solutions) of known analyte concentration that provides information on mea- surement performance during the instrumental analysis portion of the overall analyte measurement process E 1605, E
instrumental QC standards---these provide information on mea- surement performance during the instrumental analysis portion of the overall lead measurement process. They include CCBs, CCVs, ICBs, ICVs, and ICSs. E 631, E
instrumentatinnal offset, lad, n----calculated difference in degrees of measured temperature between core temperature and ear canal temperature, derived from the population of representative study samples. E 344, E
instrumentation dead time--see dead time, instrumentation. E 1316, E
instrument line shape (ILS) function the FT of the function by which an interferogram is weighted. E 131, El instrument response time, n--the time required for an indicating or detecting device to undergo a defined displacement following an abrupt change in the property being measured. D 4175, D
instrument response time---the time required for an indicating or detecting device to undergo a defined displacement following an abrupt change in the quantity being measured. E 131, El
instrument traceability--the ability to demonstrate that a particular measuring instrument or artifact standard has been calibrated at acceptable time intervals against a national or international stan- dard or against a secondary standard which has been in turn calibrated against the national standard or transfer standard. E 170, El insufficient eure---a pultrusion abnormality created by lack of, or incomplete, cross-linking of the resin. NoTE--This condition can usually be detected by dull surface appearance, low Barcol hardness, and low physical properties. Thick sections, cured from the outside in, can reveal insufficient cure in the center of the section even though completely cured on the surface. This condition can be caused by insufficient die temperature, improper catalyst, or pulling too fast for the die temperature. D 3918, D insulated--separated from other conducting surfaces by a dielectric substance (including air space) offering a high resistance to the passage of current. NOTE--Whenany object is said to be insulated, it is understood to be insulated in a suitable manner for the conditions to which it is subjected. Otherwise, it is, within the purpose of this definition, uninsulated. Insulating covering of conductors is one means of making the conductor insulated. F 819, F insulated conductor, n - - a conductor covered by a layer or layers of
insulating material and whose prime function is to carry current in an electric circuit. D 1711, D insulating conerete---a lightweight concrete made with lightweight coarse aggregate and having relatively low insulating characteris- tics. C 717, C insulating firebrick, n--see firebrick, insulating. C 71, C insulating formboard--a specially fabricated cellulosic fiberboard designed for use as a permanent form for certain poured-in-place roof constructions. D 1554, D insulating liquid, fluid or gas---a fluid (liquid or gaseous) which does not readily conduct electricity. Electrical insulating fluids typically provide both electrical insulation and heat transfer in electrical equipment. D 2864, D insulating material--a material of relatively low electrical conduc- tivity and high dielectric strength, usually used to support or provide electrical separation for conductors, in which a voltage applied between two points on or within the material produces a small and sometimes negligible current. D 2864, D insulating material (insulator), n - - a material in which a voltage applied between two points on or within the material produces a small and sometimes negligible current. D 1711, D insulating roof deck a cellulosic fiberboard product designed for use in open-beam ceiling roof construction. The product is composed of multiple layers of structural insulating board lami- nated together with water-resistant adhesive. D 1554, D insulating-siding nail--See brick-siding nail. F 547, F insulation--See thermal insulation. D 1079, D insulation, n - - a material that is normally added to an assembly to provide resistance to heat flow for purpose of energy conservation. E 176, E insulation blanket, n - - a relatively fiat and flexible insulation in coherent sheet form furnished in units of substantial area. E 176, E insulation building-board nail, tileboard nail--galvanized, electro- galvanized or cadmium or nickel-plated, regular-stock-steel, 11/ and 13/4 by 0.054-in. nails with flat 3/32-in.head and medium needle point. Also, plain or colored (baked-lacquer finished) hardened- steel, smooth or annularly threaded, 11/4 by 0.054 to 13/4 by 0.062-in. nails with slightly countersunk 0.109-in. head and medium diamond or long needle point. F 547, F insulation compaction density--the density of a compacted powder is the combined density of the powder particles and of the voids remaining after the powder compaction. Sometimes the insulation compaction density is divided by the theoretical density of the powder particles to obtain a dimensionless fraction of theoretical density as a convenient method to express the relative compaction. E 344, E insulation-lath nail blued, regular-stock-steel, 11/8 and 13/4 by 0.092-in. nails with flat 3/s-in. head and long diamond point. (See gypsum-lath nail.) F 547, F insulation resistance--the apparent resistance between adjacent contacting laminations, calculated as a ratio of the applied voltage to conduction current. This parameter is normally a function of the applied force and voltage. A 340, A insulation resistance--see resistance, insulation. D 1711, D insulation resistance----the electrical resistance between two isolated test points on a membrane switch. F 2112, F insulation resistance, de, n the resistance at a specified direct- current voltage between the insulated leads of a thermistor sensor and the metallic enclosure of the sensor, if such an enclosure is present, or else between the sensor leads and a conductive medium in which the sensor is immersed. E 344, E insulation-sheathing nail--galvanized, barbed, regular-stock-steel, 13/4and 2 by 0.115 or 0.120-in. nails with flat 7//16or 1//2-in.head and medium diamond point. F 547, F insulator (eleetrie)--a device having high electrical resistance and used for supporting or separating conductors to prevent undesired flow of current from them to other objects. (Also known as electrical insulator.) D 5077, D
