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flame spread, n m S e e surface flame spread, volumetric flame spread. E 176, E
flame spread, nmSee surface flame spread, volumetric flame
spread. E 176, E
flame-spread time, n--the time taken by a flame on a burning material to travel a specified distance under specified conditions.
D 123, D
flaming debris, n--material which continues to flame as it separates
and moves away from the flaming source. D 123, D
flaming mode, n--the mode of testing that uses a pilot flame.
E 176, E
flammability, n those characteristics of a material that pertain to its
relative ease of ignition and relative ability to sustain combustion. D 123, D
flammability, n--those characteristics of a material that pertain to its
relative ease of ignition and relative ability to sustain combustion. D 4391, D
flammability, n--those characteristics of a material that pertain to its
ignition and support of combustion. F 1494, F
flammable, adj--(1) capable of burning with a flame under specified
conditions, or (2) when used to designate high hazard, subject to easy ignition and rapid flaming combustion. E 176, E
flammable liquid--a liquid having a flash point below 37.8°C
(100°F) and having a vapor pressure not exceeding 40 psi (absolute) at 37.8°C and shall be known as a Class I liquid. E 772, E
flammable textile, n--any combustible textile that burns with a
flame. (See also flammability. Compare combustible textile,
noncombustible textile.) D 123, D
flammable textile, n--any combustible textile that burns with a
flame. (See also flammability.) (Compare combustible textile,
noncombustible textile.) D 4391, D
flange---that part of a lock-strip gasket which extends to form one side of a channel. C 717, C
flange, n--See box. D 996, D
flange, n - - a flat plate or formed piece at the end of a railing or rail
element for attachment to the adjoining construction or supporting member. E 631, E
flange, n - - a flat plate or formed piece at the end of a railing or rail
element for attachment to the adjoining construction or supporting member. E 1481, E flange, n--that part of the rim which gives lateral support to the tire. F 538, F flange---in chain link fencing, a plate or casting for securing a post to a floor or a horizontal rail to a wall. F 552, F flange, n--the extension of the wrap beyond the core wire or stiffening groove. F 1379, F
flanged joint--see joint, flanged. F 412, F
flange lock slider, n--in zippers, a slider with notches in the flanges
of the slider that block the shoulders of the elements when the stringers are pulled apart, thus preventing further separation of the chain. D 123, D
flange lock slider, n - - a slider with notches in the flanges of the slider
that block the shoulders of the elements when the stringers above the slider are pulled apart, thus preventing further separation of the chain. D 2050, D
flange plate--See railing systems. E 631, E
flanges, n--in zippers, the edges of the slider formed to contain the
chain. D 123, D flanges, n--the edges of the slider formed to contain the chain.
D 2050, D
flanking transmission--transmission of sound from the source to a receiving location by a path other than that under consideration. C 634, E flank, side---surface between root and crest; "leading" flank being on point side of crest and "following" flank being on head side of crest. F 547, F flanky--a characteristic of loose grain leather that forms coarse wrinkles on bending with the grain inward. D 1517, D
flannel, n--as appliedto bed sheeting, a napped fabric used in the
fabrication of sheeting products. D 123, D
fannel, n---as appliedto bed sheeting, a napped fabric used in the
fabrication of sheeting products. D 7023, D flare, n--the spreading of the filament ends or the strand ends at the cut end of a steel tire cord, expressed as the unravelled length. D 123, D flare, n--the spreading of the filament ends or the strand ends at the cut end of a steel tire cord, expressed as the unraveled length. D 6477, D flare---extraneous light in the dark area. F 335, F flared--staple legs spread into outward opposite directions 90 ° with crown plane. F 592, F flare decay--image contrast loss due to flare. F 335, F
flare joint--see joint, flare. F 412, F
flash--as in welding, the metal that protrudes at the weld of the tube, internally, externally, or both, as a result of the pressure applied when a forge-type seam is produced; the two types of flash are internal flash and external flash. B 846, B flash, n--the excess material protruding from the surface of a molded article at the mold junctions. D 1566, D l l flash, n--appearance of a material when viewed close to the angle at which it is lightest. E 284, El flash---excess material that forms at the parting line of a mold or die, or the overflow of excess adhesive outside the area of attachment in a bonded assembly. E 631, E flash---excess material that forms at the parting line of a mold or die, or the overflow of excess adhesive outside the area of attachment in a bonded assembly. E 1749, E flashed finish, n--the surface feature resulting when faces have a range of color produced by the control of the atmospheric conditions in the kiln during firing. C 43, C flashing--applying a thin layer of opaque or colored glass to the surface of clear glass or vice versa. See also striking. C 162, C
flashing--a generic term describing the transitional area between the
waterproofing membrane and surfaces above the wearing surface of the building deck; a terminal closure or barrier to prevent ingress of water into the system. C 717, C flashing--the system used to seal membrane edges at walls, expan- sion joints, drains, gravel stops, and other places where the membrane is interrupted or terminated. Base flashing covers the edges of the membrane. Cap or counterflashing shields the upper edges of the base flashing. D 1079, D
flashing, n----existence of flame on or over the surface of the specimen
for periods of less than 1 s. E 176, E
flashing cement--a trowelable mixture of cutback bitumen and
mineral stabilizers including asbestos or other inorganic fibers. D 1079, D flash magnetization--magnetization by a current flow of very brief duration. E 1316, E
flash (or flash plate)--a very thin electrodeposit used for a final
coating; for intermediate coatings of the same nature use strike. B 374, B flashover, n - - a disruptive electrical discharge at the surface of electrical insulation or in the surrounding medium, which may or may not cause permanent damage to the insulation. D 1711, D flashover, n--the rapid transition to a state of total surface involve- ment in a fire of combustible materials within an enclosure. E 176, E flashover, n--the rapid transition to a state of total surface involve- ment in a fire of combustible materials within an enclosure.
E 176, E
flashover--the electrical discharge or arc occurring between elec- trodes and over or around, but not through, the equipment being tested. F 819, F
flash point, n--the lowest temperature of a specimen, corrected to a
pressure of 760 mm Hg (101.3 kPa), at which application of an
flattened-shank nail
ignition source causes any vapor from the specimen to ignite under specified conditions of test. D 1711, D flash point--the lowest temperature corrected to a barometric pres- sure of 101.3 kPa (760 mm Hg), at which application of a test flame causes the vapor of a specimen to ignite under specified conditions of test. D 2864, D flash point--the lowest temperature corrected to a pressure of 101. kPa (760 mm Hg) at which application of an ignition source causes the vapors of a specimen of the sample to ignite under specified conditions of test. D 4175, D flash point, n--in petroleum products, the lowest temperature cor- rected to a barometric pressure of 101.3 kPa (760 mm Hg) at which application of an ignition source causes the vapors of a specimen of the sample to ignite under specified conditions of test. D 4175, D flash point, n - - t h e lowest temperature corrected to a pressure of 101.3 kPa at which application of an ignition source causes the vapors of a specimen of the sample to ignite momentarily under specified conditions of the test. D 4175, D flash point---of a liquid, the minimum temperature at which it gives off vapor in sufficient concentration to form an ignitable mixture with air near the surface of the liquid within the vessel as specified by appropriate test procedure and apparatus. E 772, E flash point--the temperature at which a vapor will ignite in the presence of an ignition source. E 1316, E flash point--the lowest temperature at which vapors above a volatile combustible substance ignite in air when exposed to a flame. E 1316, E flash point, n - - t h e lowest temperature, corrected to a pressure of 101.3 kPa (760 mm Hg, 1013 mbar), at which application of an ignition source causes the vapors of the specimen to ignite under specified conditions of test. E 1445, E flash point--the temperature at which a combustible liquid ignites. E 1705, E flash set--see early stiffening C 219, CO
flash s e t - - i n grouting, the rapid development of rigidity in a freshly mixed grout, usually with the evolution of considerable heat; this rigidity cannot be dispelled nor can the plasticity be regained by further mixing without addition of water; also referred to as quick set or grab set. D 653, D flash set (quick set), n - - t h e early hardening or stiffness in the working characteristics of Portland-cement paste, mortar, or con- crete, usually with the evolution of considerable heat. Stiffness cannot be dispelled nor the plasticity regained by further mixing without addition of water; also known as quick set. E 2110, E flat--See container. D 996, D flat, adj--(1) of a coating material, a material that is capable of imparting a finish free of gloss. (2) of a surface finish, free of gloss. E 284, E flat, n - - a rectangular metal bar of width greater than thickness. E 631, E flat a s p h a l t - - a roofing asphalt conforming to the requirements of Specification D 312, Type II. D 1079, D fiat cable, n - - a n y cable with two smooth or corrugated, but essen- tially flat, surfaces. D 1711, D flat clinch---clinch formed by folding staple legs parallel to crown with movable clincher. F 592, F flat conductor, n l a conductor with a width-to-thickness ratio arbitrarily chosen as 5 to 1 or greater. D 1711, D flat conductor cable, n - - a cable of flat conductors. D 1711, D flat crown--straight staple crown in contrast to rounded, formed, or offset staple crown. F 592, F fiat cure, n--a synonym for plateau vulcanization. D 1566, D 11
flat duck, n - - d u c k fabric having the warp of two single yams woven as one and either single or plied tilling yam. (See also duck.) D 123, D
flat duck, n - - d u c k fabric having the warp of two single yarns woven as one and either single or plied filling yarn. (See also duck.) D 4850, D flat-felled seam, n - - a complex seam formed on the outside of an object with raw edges enclosed and two rows of machine stitching visible on the face side. D 123, D flat-felled seam, n - - i n home sewing, a complex seam formed on the outside of a product with cut edges enclosed and two rows of machine stitching visible from the face side. D 4965, D flat glass--a general term covering sheet glass, plate glass, float glass, and various forms of rolled glass. See related term bent glass. C 162, C fiat grain--See grain. D 9, D flat h e a d - - m o s t common head, having flat, circular, parallel top and bearing surfaces and slightly rounded edge or rim. F 547, F flat jet atomizer--see flat spray atomizer. E 1620, E flat magnifying lens--thermometer stem glass in which the numerals, graduations, and lens lie on the same relative surface. It is so named for its approximately flat cross section. E 344, E flatness of field--a qualitative term describing how well the image of a planar specimen is reproduced as a plane in the image field. (See curvature of field.) E 7, E flat piece (of aggregate), n--a particle of aggregate for which the ratio of the width to thickness of its circumscribing rectangular prism is greater than a specified value (see also elongated piece (of aggregate)). C 125, C flat-platen pressed--a method of consolidating and hot pressing a panel product in which the applied pressure is perpendicular to the faces. D 1554, D flat product--a rectangular or square solid section of relatively great length in proportion to thickness. Included in the designation "flat product" depending on the width and thickness, are plate, sheet, strip, and bar. Also included is the product known as "flat wire." B 846, B flat-ride--an amusement ride that operates on a single level whether over a controlled, fixed course or track, or confined to a limited area of operation. F 747, F flats--a longitudinal flat area on a normally convex surface of a pultrusion.
NotE--This condition may be caused by shifting in the reinforce- ment, lack of sufficient reinforcement, or local fouling of the die surface. D 3918, D flat sheet, n--sheet with sheared, silt, or sawed edges that has been flattened or leveled. B 899, B flat sheet, n--intextiles, a flat, hemmed product, usually rectangular, used for covering the mattress on a bed and used for sleeping on or under. D 123, D flat sheet, n--incomforters, a flat, hemmed product, usually rectan- gular, used for covering the mattress on a bed and used for sleeping on or under. D 7023, D flat sheet m e m b r a n e - - a sheet type membrane may be coated onto a fabric substrate. D 6161, D flat sheets, Type A, n--sheet intended for exterior applications, where it may be subjected to the direct action of sun, rain, or snow, and when tested in accordance with Test Methods C 1185, does demonstrate compliance with Specification C 1186. C 1154, C flat sheets, Type B, n--sheet intended for exterior applications where it will not be subjected to the direct action of sun, rain, or snow, and when tested in accordance with Test Methods C 1185, does demonstrate compliance with Specification C 1186. C 1154, C flat spray atomizer--a fan spray atomizer that produces a planar spray pattern. NoTE In agricultural applications, the spray patterns have tapered edges. E 1620, E flattened-shank nail--round wire nail with portion of shank flattened for a certain distance between point and head to facilitate driving of nail between steel members and wrapping of flattened portion of shank around steel rod during driving. F 547, F
flocs or floccules
flexural strength, n--for plastic foam core asbestos-cement insulat- ing panels, see flexural strength, for asbestos-cementplastic- foam core insulating panels. D 2946, C flexural strength, n--property of solid material that indicates its ability to withstand a flexural or transverse bending load. D 2946, C 17 flexural strength, n - - a property of solid material that indicates its ability to withstand a flexural or transverse load. D 4175, D flexure plate pivot--a type of pivot or hinge in which the motion occurs through the bending of a thin elastic plate. E 7, E flexure stress---the tensile component of the bending stress produced on the surface of a glass section opposite to that experiencing a locally impinging force. C 162, C flicker method, in image analysis--the procedure of alternating between the live video image and the detected image while altering the gray-level threshold range to establish the optimum discrimi- nation and detection. E 7, E flint--usually in phrases "flint-dried" or "flint hides." Air or sun-dried without other curing. D 1517, D flint fireclay, n - - a hard or flint-like fireclay occurring as an unstrati- fied massive rock, practically devoid of natural plasticity and showing a conchoidal fracture. C 71, C flint glass--(/) a lead-containing glass. (2) term used by container industry for colorless glass. C 162, C flint glass cullet, n - - a particulate glass material that contains no more than 0.1 mass percent Fe203, or 0.0015 mass percent Cr203 , as determined by chemical analysis. D 5681, D flint glass cullet--a particulate glass material that contains no more than 0.1 weight % FeEt 3, or 0.0015 weight % Cr203, as deter- mined by chemical analysis. D 5681, D flint optical glassmSee optical flint glass. C 162, C flip---deprecated term, do not use. This term may have various meanings that are not clearly defined. E 284, El flitch--a portion of a log sawed on two or more sides and intended for remanufacture into lumber or sliced or sawed veneer. The term is also applied to the resulting sheets of veneer laid together in sequence of cutting. D 9, D flitch--a portion of a log sawed on two or more sides and intended for remanufacture into sliced or sawn veneer. The term is also applied to the resulting sheets of veneer stacked together in sequence of cutting. D 1038, D float, n--in wovenfabric, the portion of a warp or filling yam that extends unbound over two or more filling or warp yarns. D 123, D float, n - - a defect in which a warp or filling yarn extends unbound over the ends with which it should be interlaced. D 123, D float, n--in wovenfabric, the portion of a warp (or fill) yarn that extends unbound over two ro more fill (or warp) yarns. D 3878, D float, n - - a defect in which warp or filling yam extends unbound over the ends with which it should be interlaced. (Syn. harness skip, overshot, skip) D 3990, D float, n--in wovenfabric, the portion of a warp or filling yarn that extends unbound over two or more filling or warp yarns. D 4850, D float--separable component of a boom that provides buoyancy. F 818, F float b a t h - - a pool of molten metal, commonly tin, contained within a refractory receptacle and protected from oxidation by an inert atmosphere, upon which molten glass is drawn into a flat sheet. See float glass. C 162, C floated finish--a concrete finish provided by consolidating and leveling the concrete with only a power driver or hand float, or both. A floated finish is coarser than a troweled finish. For specifications, See ACI 301-72. C 717, C floater--(/) a floating clay shape to skim foreign materials or control their passage in a melter.
(2) an object, generally a porous silica brick, introduced into a melting furnace, which will float on the surface of the molten glass for tens of minutes to several hours, thus revealing the surface flow. C 162, C floater hole---{ archaic } an opening in a melter through which floaters are placed. C 162, C floaters----the material floating on the surface of water into which carbon has been added and has been thoroughly wetted. D 2652, D float glass--flat glass that has been formed on molten metal, commonly tin. C 162, C floating, v--the act of spreading, compacting, or consolidating to achieve a specified uniform appearance. C 11, C l l floating controlled load--See load. D 996, D floating roller peel test--See test, floating roller peel. E 631, E floating roller peel test--See test, floating roller peel. E 1749, E floating threshold--any threshold with amplitude established by a time average measure of the input signal. (E 750) E 1316, E floats (as in asbestosfloats)--air conveyed asbestos fractions such as accumulate in the air filtration system of an asbestos mill. D 2946, C float/sink, n - - a reference to the physical action that particles undergo when immersed in a liquid of a predetermined specific gravity. D 121, D floe--loose, open-structured mass formed in a suspension by the aggregation of minute particles. D 653, D floc--a loose, open-structured mass produced by the aggregation of minute particles. D 6161, D flocculant--an agent that produces flocs or aggregates from small suspended particles. D 4410, D flocculate--to aggregate into larger particles, to increase in size to the point where precipitation occurs. B 374, B flocculate---a grouping of primary particles, aggregates, or agglom- erates having weaker bonding than either the aggregate or agglom- erate structures. C 242, C flocculating--the thickening of the consistency of a slip by adding a suitable electrolyte. C 286, B flocculating agent--a coagulating substance such as alum, ferrous sulfate, or lime which, when added to water, forms a precipitate that expedites the settling of suspended matter. D 4410, D flocculation--the process of forming flocs. D 653, D flocculation, n--synonymous with agglomeration. D 1356, D flocculation, n--formation (sometimes reversible) of loosely coher- ent, partially agglomerated rubber, distributed in the liquid phase of a latex. D 1566, D l l floceulation--the process of agglomerating fine particles into larger groupings called flocs. D 6161, D flocculent--chemical(s) which, when added to water, form bridges between suspended particles causing them to agglomerate into larger groupings (flocs) which then settle or float by specific gravity differences. D 6161, D flocculent structure--see soil structure. D 653, D flock, n - - a material obtained by reducing textile fibers to fragments as by cutting, tearing, or grinding, to give various degrees of comminution. D 123, D flock, n - - a material obtained by reducing textile fibers to fragments as by cutting, tearing, or grinding, to give various degrees of comminution. D 7023, D flocked blanket, n - - a blanket made with a fishnet-type scrim sandwiched between two thin layers of foam with flock adhered to the outside of the foam. D 123, D flocked blanket, n - - a blanket made with a fishnet-type scrim sandwiched between two thin layers of foam with flock adhered to the outside of the foam. D 7023, D flocs or floecules--masses of solids formed in a liquid by addition of coagulants (flocculants), or through biochemical processes, or by agglomeration of individual particles. D 4410, D
flood coat
flood coat--the top layer of bitumen used to hold the aggregate on an aggregate-surfaced, built-up roofing membrane. D 1079, D flooded system--a system which, while being tested, becomes so filled with tracer gas as to make impracticable further leak testing. E 1316, E flooding--a means of compacting trench backfill by the introduction of water by gravity. C 896, C
fooding nozzle--see deflector atomizer. E 1620, E flood nozzlemsee deflector atomizer. E 1620, E
flood point, n--(in column distillation) the point at which the upflowing vapor flow obstructs the down-coming reflux and the column suddenly loads with liquid. D 4175, D flood point, n--the point at which the velocity of the upflowing vapors obstructs the downcoming reflux and the column suddenly loads with liquid. D 4175, D floor, n--the rock material immediately underlying a coal bed. D 121, D floor--bottom of near horizontal surface of an excavation, approxi- mately parallel and opposite to the roof. (ISRM) D 653, D floor, n--in a building, a supporting structure (generally horizontal) and constituting the bottom level of each story. E 631, E floor anchor, n - - a belay anchor on the floor. F 1773, F floor area, n (superficiede plancher): gross floor area (superficiebrute de plancher)---entire area within the inside perimeter of the exterior walls. net floor area (superficienette de plancher)--that part of the gross floor area located within occupiable space. E 1480, E floor brick, n--smooth, dense brick, highly resistant to abrasion, used as finished floor surfaces. See Specification C 410. C 43, C floor covering, n--an essentially planar material, having a relatively small thickness in comparison to its length or width, which is laid on a floor to enhance the beauty, comfort, and utility of the floor. D 123, D floor covering, n--an essentially planar material, having a relatively small thickness in comparison to its length or width, that is laid on a floor to enhance the beauty, comfort, and utility of the floor. D 5684, D floor covering, n - - a n essentially planar material having a relatively small thickness in comparison to its length or width, which is laid on a floor to enhance the beauty, comfort, and utility of the floor. E 176, E floor covering system, n - - a single material, composite or assembly comprised of the floor covering and related installation compo- nents (adhesive, cushion, etc.) if any. E 176, E flooring--stone used as in interior pedestrian wearing surface. C 119, C
flooring, n--a material used to construct the uppermost layer of a floor. E 631, E flooring brad--bright, regular-stock-steel, 2 by 0.120 to 4 by 0.192-in. nails with deep (32 °) countersunk flat or cupped 0.162 to 0.244--in. head and medium diamond point. Also, slender, bright, regular-stock-steel, 11/4 by 0.076 to 2 1/2 by 0.113-in. nails with deep (32 °) countersunk fiat or cupped or brad 0.128 to 0.155-in. head and blunt diamond point. machine flooring brad bright, regular stock-steel, 1 by 0.072-in. nail with special 0.113-in. brad head with cylindrical rim and medium diamond point. F 547, F flooring material, n - - a n y pliable planar structure used as a base surface in camping tentage, but excluding such things as rugs or carpets placed in the tent that are not integral parts of the item. D 123, D flooring nail--bright, stift-stock or hardened-steel, helically threaded, 1 by 0.072 to 31A by 0.148-in. nails with fiat or checkered 9/64 to %2-in. countersunk or casing head and blunt diamond point. F 547, F
foor, n (plancher)--(in a building) supporting structure (generally horizontal) and constituting the bottom level of each story. E 1480, E foor surface, n--See walkway surface. F 1646, F flop, n - - a difference in appearance of a material viewed over two widely different aspecular angles. E 284, El flop, adj--pertaining to the appearance of a material when viewed from a direction far from the specular angle, typically 70 ° or more. E 284, El flop angle, n the aspecular angle when a material is viewed from a direction far from the specular, typically 70 ° or more. E 284, El flop color, n--color of a material when viewed from a specified direction far from the specular angle, typically 70 ° or more. E 284, El flop contrast, n - - a measure of the degree of dissimilarity in appear- ance of a specimen when it is viewed at two widely different aspecular angles. E 284, El flop index, n - - a numerical scale of flop obtained by visual experi- ments. E 284, El flotation--portion of a boom that provides buoyancy. F 818, F flotation cell, n--the vessel or compartment in which the flotation test is performed. D 121, D flounce, n - - a ruffled drop on a bedcovering. D 123, D flounce, n - - a ruffled drop on a bedcovering. D 7023, D flow, v--in buildingconstruction, the deformation of a tape sealant under stress. C 717, C flow, n - - a laboratory measured mortar property that indicates the percent increase in diameter of the base of the truncated cone of mortar when it is placed on a flow table, and mechanically raised and dropped specified times under specified conditions. C 1180, C flow, n--movement of an adhesive during the bonding process before the adhesive is set. D 907, D flowmSame as flow rate. E 1316, E flowable fill, n - - a material that flows like a liquid, is self-leveling, requires no compaction or vibration to achieve maximum density, hardens to a predetermined strength and is sometimes a controlled low strength material (CLSM). E 2201, E flowback nozzlemsee by-pass nozzle. E 1620, E flow balancing--the use of an imposed pressure drop (flow balancing tube), to minimize conversion differences of modules operating in parallel. D 6161, D flow balancing tube--see flow balancing. D 6161, D flow brightening--the melting of an electrodeposit, followed by solidification, especially of tin plate. B 374, B flow-button--the pellet of frit used in the Fusion Flow Test.
No~--See Test Methods C 374. C 286, B flow cavitation, n----cavitation caused by a decrease in static pressure induced by changes in velocity of a flowing liquid. Typically, this may be caused by flow around an obstacle or through a constric- tion, or relative to a blade or foil. A cavitation cloud or "cavitating wake" generally trails from some point adjacent to the obstacle or constriction to some distance downstream, the bubbles being formed at one place and collapsing at another. G 40, G flow channel--the portion of a flow net bounded by two adjacent flow lines. D 653, D flow coating--the process of coating a metal shape by causing the slip to flow over its surface and allowing it to drain. C 286, B flow cone----in grouting, a device for measurement of grout consis- tency in which a predetermined volume of grout is permitted to escape through a precisely sized orifice, the time of efflux (flow factor) being used as the indication of consistency. D 653, D flow curve--the locus of points obtained from a standard liquid limit test and plotted on a graph representing water content as ordinate on an arithmetic scale and the number of blows as abscissa on a logarithmic scale. D 653, D
