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DH 101 AND 201 FINAL EXAM PREP 2025 WITH 350
STRUCTURED QUESTIONS AND 100% CORRECT VERIFIED
ANSWERS ALREADY AGRADED
Sickle scaler - CORRECT ANSWER >>> used to remove SUPRAgingival calculus curets - CORRECT ANSWER >>> used to remove calculus deposits What are the characteristics of the Acquired Pellicle or cuticle? - CORRECT ANSWER >>> a. tenacious membranous layer b. amorphous, acellular, and organic c. forms over exposed tooth surfaces d. can form over restorations and dental calc. e. thickness from 0.1 - 0.8 nm What is the formation of the Acquired Pellicle or cuticle? - CORRECT ANSWER >>> a. usually greatest around gingival margin b. within minutes after all external material has been removed w/ and abrasive What is the composition of the Acquired Pellicle or cuticle? - CORRECT ANSWER >>> a. primarily glycoproteins from the saliva b. absorbed by the hydroxyapitite of the tooth surface c. becomes highly insoluble What are the types of Acquired Pellicle or cuticle? - CORRECT ANSWER >>> a. surface- unstained (clear, translucent, insoluble)
b. surface-stained(extrinsic stain-brown, grayish, or other colors) c. subsurface- continuous with surface pellicle that is embedded in tooth structure What is the Significance of Acquired Pellicle or cuticle? - CORRECT ANSWER >>> a. protective
- provides a barrier against acids, may aid in reducing caries b. lubrication
- keeps surface moist c. nidus for bacteria
- biofilm formation by aiding the adherence of microorganisms d. attachment of calc. What are 4 stages of the formation of the dental Biofilm formation? **- CORRECT ANSWER
** a. formation of pellicle b. bacterial mult. And colonization
- first Gram + cocci and rods c. biofilm growth and maturation
- matrix of polysaccharides, glucans, and fructans d. matrix formation What is the appearance of the Dental Biofilm? - CORRECT ANSWER >>> dense, nonmineralized, complex mass in a gel-like intermicrobial matrix What is the adherence of the Dental Biofilm? - CORRECT ANSWER >>> firmly to the acquired pellicle and to teeth, calc and restorations What is the make - up of the Dental Biofilm? - CORRECT ANSWER >>> a. many types of microorganisms
What is the source of the gingivitis - CORRECT ANSWER >>> subG biofilm results from apical proliferation of microorganisms from supraG biofilm Epithelium-associated biofilm - CORRECT ANSWER >>> a. loosely attached to the pocket epithelium b. many Gram- microorganisms c. numerous white blood cells d. many virulent pathogenic organisms e. from this layer, microorganisms invade inderlying CT Composition of Dental Biofilm - CORRECT ANSWER >>> a. Inorganic elements
- calcium and phosphorus
- fluoride b. Organic
- carbohydrates-glucans and fructans
- proteins-derived from saliva
- small amounts of lipids Locations of the dental biofilm - CORRECT ANSWER >>> a. Supragingival Biofilm b. Subginigval biofilm
- between periodontal attachment and gingival margin c. fissure biofilm
- develops in pits and fissures Factors influencing biofilm accumulation - CORRECT ANSWER >>> a. crowded teeth
b. rough surfaces c. difficult to clean areas d. out of occlusion e. bacterial multiplication What is the clinical appearance of the materia alba? - CORRECT ANSWER >>> a. white material b. bulky, soft, clearly visible c. resembles cottage cheese What are the effects of the materia alba? - CORRECT ANSWER >>> a. contributes to gingival inflammation b. tooth surface demineralization c. dental caries often seen underneath What are the prevention of the materia alba? - CORRECT ANSWER >>> removed with water spray or oral irrigator when do the food debris accumulate? - CORRECT ANSWER >>> a. when there are open contact areas b. where there is mobility of teeth c. irregularities of occlusion What is the prevention of the food debris? - CORRECT ANSWER >>> a. self cleansing with tongue, saliva, lips b. tooth brushing and flossing
Classification of stains By location - CORRECT ANSWER >>> Extrinsic
- external surface of tooth and may be removed Intrinsic
- within tooth substance and can not be removed by scaling Classification of stains By source - CORRECT ANSWER >>> Exogenous
- originate from sources outside the tooth
- may originate from extrinsic stains Endogenous
- develop from within tooth
- ALWAYS intrinsic Yellow extrinsic stain - CORRECT ANSWER >>> a. clinical appearance
- dull, yellowish b. distribution on tooth surface
- presence of biofilm c. occurrence
- all ages d. etiology
- food pigments Green extrinsic stain - CORRECT ANSWER >>> a. Clinical appearance
- DO NOT scale, could be demineralized b. distribution
- tooth surface c. composition
- chromogenesis bacteria and fungi d. occurrence
- any age but primarily childhood e. etiology
- chromogenic f. other green stains
- chlorophyll preparations
- metallic dusts of industry
- certain drugs Black Line extrinsic stain - CORRECT ANSWER >>> a. Chromogenic b. iron supplements c. oral disease does not result from black line stain d. most frequent in females Brown extrinsic stain - CORRECT ANSWER >>> Etiology
- tobacco use
- coffee, tea
- antibiotic
- anti plague agents- Chlorhexidine
- Betel Leaf
- Stannous Fluoride Orange and Red extrinsic stain - CORRECT ANSWER >>> Etiology
- chromogenic
silver nitrate Endodontic therapy - CORRECT ANSWER >>> Endogenous bluish black volatile oils Endodontic therapy - CORRECT ANSWER >>> Endogenous yellowish brown strong iodine Endodontic therapy - CORRECT ANSWER >>> Endogenous brown aureomycin Endodontic therapy - CORRECT ANSWER >>> Endogenous yellow silver containing root canal sealer Endodontic therapy - CORRECT ANSWER >>> Endogenous black Treatment Planning - CORRECT ANSWER >>> 1. Soft Tissue Management
- Scaling(manual)
- Ultrasonic debridement
- extrinsic stain removal
- polishing
- airpolishing functional shank - CORRECT ANSWER >>> portion of shank that allows the working end to be adapted to the tooth surface
Lower shank - CORRECT ANSWER >>> a. portion of the functional shank that is nearest to the working-end b. AKA terminal shank Extrinsic stain removal, rubber cup method - CORRECT ANSWER >>> Used to remove stains from crowns Prophy angles - CORRECT ANSWER >>> a. right angle
- (straight shank) b. Contra-angle
- (bent shank that facilitates neutral wrist) Webbed cup - CORRECT ANSWER >>> Flexible and hold less abrasive paste Ribbed - CORRECT ANSWER >>> Allows cup to flex and follow tooth contours Petite webbed - CORRECT ANSWER >>> i. shorter than standard cup ii. good for children Bristle brush - CORRECT ANSWER >>> Used to remove stains from pits and fissures Prophy paste Grit size - CORRECT ANSWER >>> i. Use the SMALLEST grit size for stain removal ii. For heavy stains, use a larger grit size Aerosol production and splatter contraindication - CORRECT ANSWER >>> SHOULD NOT be used on a patient with a known communicable disease!
Enhancement of remineralization - CORRECT ANSWER >>> a. As saliva flows over the biofilm it neutralizes acid from bacteria b. pH rises towards neutral and prevents further dissolution Inhibition of bacteria in Biofilm - CORRECT ANSWER >>> a. Fluoride → hydrogen fluoride when contacted by acid from bacteria b. In HF form, it can diffuse over the cell membrane of bacteria c. Fluoride ions interfere with essential enzyme activity of cell 20th Century Historical Aspects of fluoride - CORRECT ANSWER >>> - Water fluoridation named one of top 10 most important health measures by CDC Dr. Fredrick McCay - CORRECT ANSWER >>> a. Early 20th century b. Studied brown stains of teeth
- Named is mottled enamel, from fluoride
- Now enamel fluorosis c. People of Colorado springs with this more resistant to caries
- Connected with drinking water, never proved When did the water fluoridation begin? - CORRECT ANSWER >>> 1945 Who Found optimal fluoride levels of 1 ppm - 2ppm - CORRECT ANSWER >>> Dr. Dean When did the Fluoride levels changed to 0.7-1.2 ppm? - CORRECT ANSWER >>> 1962 Chemicals used for fluoride - CORRECT ANSWER >>> i. Naturally occurring ii. Cryolite, fluorspar, and apatite
Compounds used for fluoride - CORRECT ANSWER >>> i. Sodium fluoride ii. Sodium silicofluoride iii. Hydrofluorosilicic acid What are the Benefits of fluoride? - CORRECT ANSWER >>> Caries protection Fluoride in foods - CORRECT ANSWER >>> a. Meats, eggs, fruits, etc
- Not enough to be affective
- Food cooked in fluoridated water DOES retain fluoride b. Fluoridated salt c. Bottled water d. Water filters
- DO NOT filter out fluoride e. Infant formula Fluoridated salt - CORRECT ANSWER >>> i. Not approved in US ii. Approved and affective in Mexico and Switzerland When were the first Prescribed supplements introduced? - CORRECT ANSWER >>> in 1940s Available forms of fluoride - CORRECT ANSWER >>> i. Tablets 3yrs+ ii. Lozenges iii. Drops 6 months- 3yr iv. Mouthrinse (if swallowed)
- do not take with dairy (Ca absorbs fluoride)
ii. Once a day iii. good for Xerostomia patients or loss of salivary glands Self-Applied Fluorides Mouthrinse - CORRECT ANSWER >>> i. Good for recession, decay, demineralization, Xerostomia patients etc. ii. Do not swallow iii. Must have childproof caps Self-Applied Fluorides Brush on gel - CORRECT ANSWER >>> i. 1.1% NaF (neutral pH) ii. 1.1 acidulated NaF (3.5 pH) iii. .4% stannous fluoride in glycerin base (1,000 ppm) Self-Applied Fluorides Fluoride dentifrices - CORRECT ANSWER >>> i. Fluoridated toothbrush ii. Daily iii. Caries protection for all Average Caries Reduction with Fluoride Dentifrices - CORRECT ANSWER >>> 20 - 30% Average Caries Reduction with Professionally applied topical - CORRECT ANSWER >>> 30 - 40% Average Caries Reduction with Self Applied Topical - CORRECT ANSWER >>> 20 - 50%
Average Caries Reduction with Community water fluoridation - CORRECT ANSWER >>> 50 - 65% Average Caries Reduction with School water fluoridation - CORRECT ANSWER >>> 40% Average Caries Reduction with Dietary supplements - CORRECT ANSWER >>> 50 - 65% What is the acute toxicity? - CORRECT ANSWER >>> Rapid intake of excess dose over a short time What are signs and symptoms of acute toxicity? - CORRECT ANSWER >>> i. Nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, stomach pains ii. hypocalcemia iii. Convulsing, cardiac depression What is the treatment for the acute toxicity? - CORRECT ANSWER >>> i. Induce vomiting ii. Second person call Emergency response iii. Administer binding liquid (MILK) What is chronic toxicity? - CORRECT ANSWER >>> Long term ingestion of amounts over therapeutic levels What are signs and symptoms of chronic toxicity? - CORRECT ANSWER >>> i. Skeletal fluorosis (increased bone density) ii. Dental fluorosis What is Accidental ingestion of fluoride? - CORRECT ANSWER >>> Accidental ingestion of high concentrated fluoride
e. erthrosin f. Fast green g. Two tone What are Methods of application of the disclosing agents? - CORRECT ANSWER >>> a. Solution for direct app b. Rinsing c. Tablet or wafer What is Halitosis? - CORRECT ANSWER >>> Bad breathe a. Systemic-10% b. Local in the oral cavity - 90% Tooth brushes Standards - CORRECT ANSWER >>> Manufacturers must adhere to using nylon bristles with and ISO rating of 8627 name three parts of the toothbrush - CORRECT ANSWER >>> handle head bristles and filaments Kinds of Handles of the toothbrush - CORRECT ANSWER >>> i. Straight ii. Angled, curved, or offset iii. 4 1/3 inches long iv. 5/16-3/8 inches wide Kinds of Heads of the toothbrush - CORRECT ANSWER >>> a. flat on same plane
b. uneven Kinds of the Bristles and filaments of the toothbrush - CORRECT ANSWER >>> i. Stiffness ii. Synthetic iii. End rounded cause least trauma iv. Natural hogs hair-more prone to bacteria Soft Nylon filaments - CORRECT ANSWER >>> i. .007mm- .009mm ii. More effective in cleaning the cervical areas iii. Less traumatic to gingival tissue iv. Can be directed to gingival sulcus v. Tooth abrasion and recession can be prevented Medium Nylon filaments - CORRECT ANSWER >>> .010mm- .012mm Hard Nylon filaments - CORRECT ANSWER >>> .013mm - .15mm What is the lifespan of the toothbrush - CORRECT ANSWER >>> a. 2-3 months b. as it deteriorates, plaque removal becomes less effective Name 6 speciality toothbrushes - CORRECT ANSWER >>> 1. Orthodontic
- Denture
- Interdental
- Sulcular
- End tufted
- Gum stimulator
