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Theory Development Process in Nursing: Components, Strategies, and Organizations, Slides of Nursing

An overview of the theory development process in nursing, including the components of theories, forms of theory organizations, and strategies for developing nursing theories. It emphasizes the importance of systematic theory development for advancing nursing practice and research.

What you will learn

  • What are the four major strategies of nursing theory development?
  • How does the theory-practice-theory strategy contribute to nursing theory development?
  • What are the three general categories of theoretical statements in nursing?
  • What is the role of theoretical linkages in nursing theory development?
  • How do operational definitions contribute to the development of a nursing theory?

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2021/2022

Uploaded on 03/31/2022

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T
HEORY
DEVELOPMENT
PROCESS
T
HEORY
DEVELOPMENT
PROCESS
The systematic development of scientific
nursing theories has a better chance of
nursing theories has a better chance of
advancing nursing and may lead to the
basis for advancing nursing.
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T

HEORY

DEVELOPMENT

PROCESS

T

HEORY

DEVELOPMENT

PROCESS

-^

The systematic development of scientificnursing theories has a better chance ofnursing theories has a better chance ofadvancing nursing and may lead to thebasis for advancing nursing.

Theory

components

and

their

contributions

to

the

theory

Theory components

Contributions

Theory

components

Contributions

Concepts

Description

and

classification

Th

i^

l^

A^

l^

i

Theoretical

statements

Analysis

DefinitionsTheoretical

Meaning

Theoretical Operational

MeaningMeasurements

LinkagesTheoreticalOperational

PlausibilityTestability

p^

y

Ordering

of

concepts

and

definitions

Elimination

of

overlap

(tautology)

into

primitive

and

derived

terms

Ordering

of

statements

and

linkages

Elimination

of

inconsistency

into

premises

and

equations

T

HEORETICAL

S

TATEMENT

th

l^

t^

i^

i t

t t

t

-^

th

ree general categories: (1) existence statements, (2) definitions, and (3) relational statements.

-^

Existence statements simply assert that a given

-^

Existence statements simply assert that a givenconcept exists and is labeled with the conceptname.

-^

Relational statements assert relationshipsbetween the properties of two or more concepts orvariablesvariables.^ •^

In the connections between variables, one variablemay be assumed to influence a second variable. Inthi

i^

t^

th

fi^

t^

i bl

b^

l b l d

this instance, the first variable may be labeled anantecedent (or determinant) variable and the secondvariable a consequent ( or resultant) independentd^

d^

t^

i bl

dependent variable.

D

EFINITIONS

-^

Although it is not possible to eliminate perceiveddifferences in meaning entirely, offering explicitdefinitions can minimize these differencesdefinitions can minimize these differences.

-^

In the development of a complete theory, boththeoretical and operational definitions providetheoretical and operational definitions providemeaning for the concept and a basis for seekingempirical indicators.

-^

Operational definitions relate the concepts toobservable phenomena by specifying empirical indicators.

ORDERING •^

The concepts should be ordered if the theorycontains more than two variables.C

t^

d d fi

iti

h

ld b

d^

d i

t

-^

C

oncepts and definitions should be ordered into primitive and derived terms.This process of ordering may identify any

-^

This process of ordering may identify any existing overlap between concepts and definitions.

-^

Premises ( or axioms) are regarded as the more

-^

Premises ( or axioms) are regarded as the moregeneral assertions from which the hypotheses arederived in the form of equations.

q

F

ORMS

OF

THEORY

ORGANIZATIONS

F

ORMS

OF

THEORY

ORGANIZATIONS

| set-of-laws,^ y

focusing on the relationships between a limited set offocusing on the relationships between a limited set of^ variables, and concepts must measurable. y each statement in the set-of-laws form is considered tobe independent and not interrelatedbe independent and not interrelated. | axiomatic,^ •

Axiomatic theories are not common in the social and behavioral sciences, but they are clearly evident in thefields of physics and mathematics.

-^

It consisting of explicit definitions, a set of concepts, a

g^

p^

,^

p^

,

set of existence statements, and a set of relationshipstatements without contradictory arranged inhierarchical orderhierarchical order.

| causal process.^ •

Specify causal mechanisms between independent andp

y^

p

dependent variables.

B

EGIN

WITH

THEORY

CRITIQUING

B

EGIN

WITH

THEORY

CRITIQUING

-^

The use of rigorous criteria for a scientific theory tocritique nursing formulations will surely result incritique nursing formulations will surely result innursing theories being found deficient because theoryconstruction in nursing is still in the early stages.^ •^

Co

mpleteness of the theory, Co

p ete

ess o

t

e t

eo y,

-^

any missing components or relationships,

-^

the theory’s internal consistency,

-^

the theory

’s correspondence with available empirical

the theory s correspondence with available empiricalfindings, and whether it is operationally defined for testing.

-^

The goal is to continue to direct attention andenergies to the critical analysis of existing incomplete

g^

y^

g^

p

theories in terms of their potential for furtherdevelopment.

-^

Scientific evidence can accumulated to support orScientific evidence can accumulated to support or refute theoretical assertions or provide the basis forsuggesting modifications in a nursing theory onlythrough repeated and rigorous research.

g^

p^

g

M

IXED APPROACH

-^

It has been argued that the acceptance ofmultiple truths and the use of multiple methodsin a research project builds several perspectivesin a research project builds several perspectivesinto the project and permits a richer and morefruitful exploration of the phenomena of interest.

p^

p

-^

Further, multimethods may better ground theproject in the context of clinical practice and lead to a more rapid development of the science ofnursing.

S

TRATEGIES

FOR

S

TRATEGIES

FOR

THEORY DEVELOPMENT

existing strategies

F

OUR MAJOR STRATEGIES OF THEORY

DEVELOPMENT |

theory-practice-theory; | practice-theory; | research-theory; and | theory-research-theory | A fifth strategy, an integrated approach to^ theory development, is recommended as anought-to-be strategy, to be used by itself or incombination with any of the otherscombination with any of the others.

P

RACTICE

T

HEORY

STRATEGY

P

RACTICE

-T

HEORY STRATEGY

| Depend on the experiences of theorists in practice | Depend on the experiences of theorists in practice. | The phenomenon is significant enough to pursue,as developing knowledge about a phenomenon isas developing knowledge about a phenomenon isa long process. | The strategy depends on observations of new | The strategy depends on observations of newphenomena in a practice situation; developmentof sensitizing concepts; and labeling, describing,^ and articulating properties of there concepts.

R

ESEARCH

-T

HEORY

-S

TRATEGY

| The most a acknowledged and accepted strategydeveloping theories that are based on research.

THEORY

-^ RESEARCH -^ THEORY STRATEGY VS .^ THEORY -^ RESEARCH STRATEGY

Theory

‐research

‐theory

Theory

‐research

GOALTest,

refine,

develop

theory;

openness

to

options

for

Test,

accept,

refute,

replicate;

aim

to

p^

y^

p^

p

further

developments

p^

p

conclude

USESA

framework

for

research

and

for

modification

of

theory;

define concepts for future use; generate new propositions;

A^ framework

for

research;

define

variables and questions;

define

concepts

for

future

use;

generate

new

propositions;

explain,

define

questions

variables

and

questions;

prove/disprove

STRATEGIESMental processes; creative abstract reflective thoughts;

Mental processes; problem solving;

Mental

processes;

creative

,^ abstract

,^ reflective

thoughts;

interpretation;

synthesis;

intuitive

leaps

Mental

processes;

problem

solving;

interpretation

EVALUATIONTh

ti^

l thi ki

t^

l d fi iti

th^

th^

V^

i bl

d fi iti

lidit

Theoretical

thi

nking;

conceptual

definitions;

other

th

eory

analyses

criteria

Variable

definitions;

validity;

reliability;

other

research

criteria

IMPACT

ON

DISCIPLINE

h^

h i

d h

i^

l^

h^

l i

h^

h^

l^

d^

i^

ifi^

fi di

Through

integrated

theoretical

statements

that

explain

and

predict

with

scope

Through

selected

scientific

findings

that

explain

and

predict

specifics

FUTURE^ Generates

more

propositions;

inspires

Provides

support

for

existing

propositions

and

for

clinical

actions

A

N

INTEGRATED

APPROACH

TO

THEORY

DEVELOPMENT

A

N

INTEGRATED

APPROACH

TO

THEORY

DEVELOPMENT

-^

Different perspectives provide different sets ofglasses through which phenomena are viewed.Th

i^

tt

d^

d^

i^

th

i

-^

Th

ere is a pattern and order in the universe around us. Because we live in an orderly,nonrandom world this order is comprehensible tononrandom world, this order is comprehensible toa certain extent and within a context.

-^

Uniqueness and patterning are also significantUniqueness and patterning are also significant premise on which this strategy is based.