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Development of Auditory Perception - Development of Perception Through the Lifespan - Lecture Notes, Study notes of Psychology

Main points of this lecture are: Development of Auditory Perception, Onset of Hearing, Infant Auditory Preferences, Auditory Preference, Measuring Neural Development, Auditory System, Auditory Discriminability, Prenatal Sound Discrimination, Sound Discrimination, Heart Rate

Typology: Study notes

2012/2013

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Development of auditory perception
Onset of hearing
Week 28 in gestation:
Evidence from preterm infants
Auditory stimuli elicit responses
Changes in heart rate
Eyeblinks
Gross motor responses
Auditory brain stem responses
Evidence for preferred sounds in newborns
preferential listening and sucking rates
Newborns can discriminate sounds
Suggests auditory learning in utero
Infant auditory preferences
Newborns prefer mothers' voices to unfamiliar voices
Sucking rates differ to sound of mothers than other voice
» DeCasper & Fifer (1980) Science
Evidence that sounds are retained from uterus to perinatal period
Newborns prefer low-pass filtered version of mothers voice than unfiltered version
Fifer & Moon, (1985)
Infant auditory preferences
Newborns prefer familiar story read aloud repeatedly during final weeks of
pregnancy than novel story
DeCasper & Spence (1986)
Two-day-olds prefer their native than unfamiliar language.
Mehler et al. (1988)
Moon, C., Cooper, R.P. & Fifer, W.P. (1993). Infant Behavior and Development, 16, 495–500.
Evidence that newborns have extracted prosodic features from auditory input
during last few weeks of prenatal development
Auditory preference not acquired in utero
Newborns from all language backgrounds prefer to listen to infant-directed (‘motherese’) than
adult-directed speech
Slow speaking rate
Small number of words
Large pitch excursions
Cooper & Aslin, 1990
Children with autism do not show this preference
Kuhl et al. (2005)
Infants prefer hyperarticulated over normally articulated infant-directed speech
Cooper & Cooper, (1999)
Infant directed speech not heard in utero
Some acoustic patterns intrinsically preferred by newborns
Measuring neural development of audition
Neural development of auditory system
Auditory capabilities at birth suggests well developed system at birth
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Development of auditory perception

Onset of hearing

• Week 28 in gestation:

  • Evidence from preterm infants
  • Auditory stimuli elicit responses
    • Changes in heart rate
    • Eyeblinks
    • Gross motor responses
    • Auditory brain stem responses
  • Evidence for preferred sounds in newborns
    • preferential listening and sucking rates
    • Newborns can discriminate sounds
    • Suggests auditory learning in utero

Infant auditory preferences

  • Newborns prefer mothers' voices to unfamiliar voices
    • Sucking rates differ to sound of mothers than other voice » DeCasper & Fifer (1980) Science
  • Evidence that sounds are retained from uterus to perinatal period
    • Newborns prefer low-pass filtered version of mothers voice than unfiltered version
      • Fifer & Moon, (1985)

Infant auditory preferences

  • Newborns prefer familiar story read aloud repeatedly during final weeks of pregnancy than novel story - DeCasper & Spence (1986)
  • Two-day-olds prefer their native than unfamiliar language.
    • Mehler et al. (1988)
    • Moon, C., Cooper, R.P. & Fifer, W.P. (1993). Infant Behavior and Development , 16, 495–500.
  • Evidence that newborns have extracted prosodic features from auditory input during last few weeks of prenatal development

Auditory preference not acquired in utero

  • Newborns from all language backgrounds prefer to listen to infant-directed (‘motherese’) than adult-directed speech - Slow speaking rate - Small number of words - Large pitch excursions - Cooper & Aslin, 1990 - Children with autism do not show this preference - Kuhl et al. (2005)
  • Infants prefer hyperarticulated over normally articulated infant-directed speech
    • Cooper & Cooper, (1999)
  • Infant directed speech not heard in utero
  • Some acoustic patterns intrinsically preferred by newborns

Measuring neural development of audition

Neural development of auditory system

• Auditory capabilities at birth suggests well developed system at birth

  • Not fully mature
  • Requires experience

• Brain correlates of language development

  • Left temporal lobe and right frontal lobe
    • More active to natural than sine wave speech sounds
      • Vouloumanos et al. (2005)
  • Left temporal cortex also involved in infant speech perception
    • Greater discrimination to speech vs. non-speech sounds
      • Dehaene-lambertz et al. (1997)

Auditory discriminability

  • EEG
  • P300 in AEP
    • response to novel, unfamiliar or incongruent stimuli
  • negative amplitude increases the more discriminate the auditory sounds
  • difference between deviant stimulus and standard =
  • MisMatch Negativity
    • Näätänen, R. (2001) Psychophysiology

MMN to test prenatal sound discrimination

  • Phoneme discrimination in the foetus
    • 4 month old foetus exposed to “Twinkle, twinkle…”.
    • Discrimination compared to scrambled
    • Evidence for phoneme discrimination using MMN in neonate
      • Huotilainen et al. (2005)

MMN in infant auditory perception

  • Speech sounds learned by sleeping newborns
    • full-term human newborns can be taught to discriminate between similar vowel sounds when they are fast asleep. - Cheour et al. (2002) Nature

MEG to test prenatal sound discrimination

  • MEG- magnetoencephalography
  • Measuring auditory responses in foetus
  • The magnetic fields generated by foetal brain activity pass the maternal tissues and can be detected externally using MEG.

MEG to test prenatal sound discrimination

  • Studies in foetuses and in prematurely born infants show that auditory discriminative skills are present prior to birth - Sound frequency change detection in foetuses and newborns - 33-36 weeks gestation - Draganova et al. (2005) - Speech-sound discrimination in neonates - Kujala et al. (2004)
  • 9-12 month-olds exposed to foreign language (Mandarin) over period of time
    • Infants discrimination of Mandarin phonemes greater in interaction group than other groups
    • TV/ Audio = no exposure
      • Kuhl et al. (2003)

Early language acquisition

  • Development of speech production relatively slow and ‘gated’ through social interaction
    • Kuhl (2007) Developmental Science
  • But brain connections developed before speech production
    • Capacity for language production earlier than thought
  • Evidence for early non-speech, language production
    • Sign language in infants with developmental disorders
    • Expressive communication possible as early as eight to nine months
    • Infant must be regularly exposed to signs beginning at six months

Early language acquisition

  • Evidence for early non-speech, language production
    • Sign language used with infants with developmental disorders
    • Expressive communication possible in typically developing infants as early as eight to nine months
    • Infant must be regularly exposed to signs beginning at six months