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Dental Hygienist FINAL 2025
Comprehensive Periodontics Exam
with A+ Guaranteed Answers.
- Which of the following is the main mechanism of alveolar and supporting bone resorption? a. Prostaglandin b. Hyaluronidase c. Collagenase d. Exotoxin - Correct Answer: ✅✅a. Prostaglandin
- (??) The inflammatory infiltrate usually spreads from the gingival through
the lamina propria into the bone following the: - Correct Answer: ✅✅vascular pathway
- Which of the following classifications is a three-wall bony defect? a. Horizontal bone loss b. Vertical bone loss c. Fenestration d. Dehiscensce - Correct Answer: ✅✅b. Vertical bone loss
- What is the relationship of the base of a suprabony pocket to the crest of
bone? - Correct Answer: ✅✅Coronal
- Which of the following types of infrabony defects occurs when two bony walls are intact> a. Crater b. Hemiseptum c. Horizontal d. Circumferential - Correct Answer: ✅✅a. Crater
- (??) Which of the following structures is considered to be the base of a pocket? a. Junctional epithelium b. Oral epithelium c. Sulcular epithelium d. Crest of alveolar bone - Correct Answer: ✅✅a. Junctional epithelium
- The extension of the inflammatory infiltrate from the connective tissue to
the interdental alveolar bone is by way of the: - Correct Answer: ✅✅blood vessels
- All of the following descriptions relate to a one-wall bony defect except one. Which one is the exception? a. One bony wall remains b. One bony wall is destroyed c. Can be a hemiseptum d. Is a type of vertical defect - Correct Answer: ✅✅b. One bony wall is destroyed
- Which of the following pockets is associated with a horizontal pattern of bone loss? a. Gingival sulcus b. Gingival pocket c. Infrabony d. Suprabony e. Intrabony - Correct Answer: ✅✅d. Suprabony
10.With which of the following histopathologic lesions will a patient experience bone loss? a. Initial b. Early c. Established
c. AIDS d. Neutropenia e. Stress - Correct Answer: ✅✅b. Vitamin A deficiency
16.Which of the following conditions can develop in patients receiving chemotherapy and bisphosphonates for more than 3 years? a. Bacteremia b. Osteonecrosis of the jaw c. Infective endocarditis d. Kidney failure - Correct Answer: ✅✅b. Osteonecrosis of the jaw
17.Which of the following statements explains the reason stress increases the susceptibility to periodontal infections? a. Increased red blood cells b. Reduced host immune response c. Decreased neutrophil chemotaxis d. Decreased production of steroids - Correct Answer: ✅✅b. Reduced host immune response
18.Which of the following mechanisms is affected by cigarette smoke, thus increasing the susceptibility to periodontal diseases? a. Altered PMN function b. Altered monocyte function c. Decreased lymphocytes d. Decreased eosinophils - Correct Answer: ✅✅a. Altered PMN function
19.All of the following medications may cause an exaggerated response to plaque except one. Which is the exception? a. Phenytoin b. Nifedipine c. Cyclosporine d. Aspirin - Correct Answer: ✅✅d. Aspirin
20.Which of the following adverse effects can occur when taking a diuretic? a. Xerostomia b. Hepatitis c. Pancreatitis d. Osteonecrosis of the jaw - Correct Answer: ✅✅a. Xerostomia
21.Periodontal diseases are possible risk factors for all of the following conditions except one. Which is the exception? a. Emphysema b. Bronchitis c. Atherosclerosis d. Hepatitis e. Diabetes mellitus - Correct Answer: ✅✅d. Hepatitis
22.Pregnant women with periodontal disease may have a preterm delivery
because of elevated levels of: - Correct Answer: ✅✅prostaglandin E
23.Which of the following factors is related to periodontal destruction in smokers? a. Increase in number of periodontal pathogens b. Decrease in healthy bacteria c. Reduced vitamin C levels d. Altered polymorphonuclear leukocyte function - Correct Answer: ✅✅d. Altered polymorphonuclear leukocyte function
24.Which of the following factors may increase the change of developing respiratory disease in patients with periodontal diseases? a. Alcohol intake b. Inadequate plaque control c. Increased carbohydrate diet
29.All of the following congenital disease have periodontal manifestations except one. Which of the following is the exception? a. Papillon-Lefevre syndrome b. Chediak-Higashi disease c. Autism d. Hypophospohatasia e. Cyclic neutropenia - Correct Answer: ✅✅c. Autism
30.For which of the following medical/dental conditions is a bisphosphonate indicated? a. Multiple myeloma b. Type 2 diabetes mellitus c. Stomach ulcers d. Periodontal abcess - Correct Answer: ✅✅a. Multiple myeloma
31.Which of the following cells are inhibited by bisphosphonates? a. Osteoblasts b. Osteoclasts c. Fibroblasts d. Neutrophils - Correct Answer: ✅✅b. Osteoclasts
32.There is much concern when a bisphosphonate is taken: - Correct Answer:
✅✅intravenously
33.Which of the following features is prominent in osteonecrosis of the jaw (ONJ)? a. Necrotic bone b. Fistula (sinus tract) c. Bleeding d. Edematous gingival - Correct Answer: ✅✅a. Necrotic bone
34.Which of the following features is characteristic of bisphosphonates?
a. Osteoblast inhibitor b. Binds to soft tissue c. Short half-life d. Long half-life - Correct Answer: ✅✅d. Long half-life
35.General health affects a patient's __________ to the development of
periodontal disease. - Correct Answer: ✅✅resistance
36.It is now known that ______ susceptibility factors play a role in high-risk
periodontal patients. - Correct Answer: ✅✅host
37.________ (along with depression, financial problems, and other psychosocial factors) is another systemic risk factor for periodontitis because it may depress the immune response. - Correct Answer: ✅✅Stress
38.________ is associated with a reduced ability to cope with infections and
with impaired wound healing. - Correct Answer: ✅✅Diabetes
39.Osteonecrosis of the jaw can occur in patients taking a ________. -
Correct Answer: ✅✅bisphospohonate
40.Patients with uncontrolled diabetes and periodontal disease have
multiple or recurrent periodontal ________. - Correct Answer: ✅✅infections
41._______ women may exhibit an exaggerated gingival response to plaque
accumulation. - Correct Answer: ✅✅Pregnant
51.Preterm baby - Correct Answer: ✅✅prostaglandin PGE
52.Diabetes mellitus - Correct Answer: ✅✅impaired wound healing
53.Pnemonia - Correct Answer: ✅✅aspiration of oral bacteria
54.Osteoclasts - Correct Answer: ✅✅bisphosphonates
55.Which of the following microorganisms is highly associated with periodontal abscess and pus formation? a. Aggregator actinomycetemcomitans b. Porphyromonas gingivalis c. Streptococcus mutans d. Staphylococcus aureus - Correct Answer: ✅✅b. Porphyromonas gingivalis
56.Which of the following abscesses is the most common involving the periodontium? a. Gingival b. Periodontal c. Pericoronal d. Periapical - Correct Answer: ✅✅b. Periodontal
57.Which of the following is a factor that could cause the formation of a gingival abscess> a. Toothbrushing b. Poppy seeds c. Drinking hot beverages d. Overzealous flossing - Correct Answer: ✅✅b. Poppy seeds
58.All of the following statements are true about a periodontal abscess except one. Which one is the exception? a. It develops as a result of a bacterial infection b. It occurs as a result of calculus that obstructs sulcular drainage c. It can cause alveolar bone destruction d. It resolves spontaneously without treatment - Correct Answer: ✅✅d. It resolves spontaneously without treatement
59.Which of the following happens if an acute periodontal abscess is not treated? a. Tooth will be lost b. Reverts to a gingival abscess c. Becomes a chronic abscess d. Results in a pericoronal abcess - Correct Answer: ✅✅c. Becomes a chronic abscess
60.(??)All of the following are features of a tooth with gingival abscess except one. Which one is the exception? a. Severe periodontitis b. Localized infection c. Usually painful d. Edematous tissue - Correct Answer: ✅✅a. Severe periodontitis
61.In which of the following conditions is trismus usually evident? a. Periodontal abscess b. Gingival abscess c. Periapical abscess d. Pericorocal abcess - Correct Answer: ✅✅d. Pericoronal abscess
62.Which of the following microorganisms is cultivated from pus of a tooth with a periodontal abscess? a. Gram-negative anaerobic rods b. Gram-negative facultative cocci
67.Which of the following techniques will allow pus to be drained from the gingival crevice? a. Use probe of curet to open pocket entrance. b. Brush area with a hard-bristled toothbrush c. Application of cold gauze d. Application of heated gutta percha point - Correct Answer: ✅✅a. Use probe or curet to open pocket entrance
68.(??) A periodontal abscess is primarily composed of: - Correct Answer:
✅✅bacteria, plasma cells, neutrophils
69.Which of the following treatments should be performed on a patient with a gingival abscess? a. Extraction of offending tooth b. Debridement of affected area c. Periodontal surgery with regeneration d. Endodontic therapy - Correct Answer: ✅✅b. Debridement of affected area
70.A radiograph showing a radiolucent area on the lateral aspect of the tooth
is most likely diagnosed as: - Correct Answer: ✅✅a periodontal abscess
71.(??) A periodontal abscess originates from the: - Correct Answer: ✅✅soft tissue wall of pocket
72.Establishing drainage of a periodontal abscess may be difficult because
the: - Correct Answer: ✅✅pocket is occluded
73.Which of the following treatments should initially be preformed on a patient with periodontal abscess?
a. Administer an antibiotic b. Perform endodontic therapy c. Periodontal debridement/periodontal surgery d. Recommend antibacterial rinse - Correct Answer: ✅✅c. Periodontal debridement/periodontal surgery
74.Gingival abscess - Correct Answer: ✅✅infection located at the marginal gingival
75.Periodontal abscess - Correct Answer: ✅✅Infection located within the tissues of a pocket
76.Pericoronal abscess - Correct Answer: ✅✅Infection located around the partially erupted mandibular third molar
77.Endodontic abscess - Correct Answer: ✅✅Periapical area
78.Operculum - Correct Answer: ✅✅gingival flap
79.Acute abscess that is not resolved - Correct Answer: ✅✅palpable lymph nodes
80.Lymphadentopathy - Correct Answer: ✅✅chronic abscess
81.Which of the following bacteria has been implicated in pregnancy gingivitis? a. Prevotella intermedia b. Porphyromonas gingivalis c. Aggregator actinomycetemcomitans
a. Primary herpetic gingivostomatitis b. Hereditary gingival fibromatosis c. Pemphigoid d. Pemphigus vulgaris e. Linear gingival erythema - Correct Answer: ✅✅a. Primary herpetic gingivostomatitis
87.All of the following classifications are listed as gingival diseases modified by medications except one. Which is the exception? a. Gingival enlargement b. Oral contraceptive-associated gingivitis c. Drug-influenced gingivitis d. Recurrent oral herpes - Correct Answer: ✅✅d. Recurrent oral herpes
88.Which of the following statements describes a gingival pocket? a. Sometimes referred to as a periodontal pocket b. Bone loss is present c. Gingival enlargement d. Attachment loss is present - Correct Answer: ✅✅c. Gingival enlargement
89.Which of he following is true about the host response to gingival inflammation? a. First response is an active vasodilation b. Migration of lymphocytes c. Increased number of fibroblasts d. Decreased movement of immune cells - Correct Answer: ✅✅a. First response is an acute vasodilation
90.Vascular changes during gingivitis occur in the: - Correct Answer:
✅✅lamina propria
91.Which of the following risk factors is primarily associated with gingivitis? a. Dental biofilms b. Dental calculus c. Systemic medications d. Viral diseases e. Fungal diseases - Correct Answer: ✅✅a. Dental biofilms
92.(??) All of the following statements are true concerning diabetes mellitus except one. Which one is the exception? a. It presents an important risk factor for gingivitis b. It presents an important risk factor for periodontitis c. It results in viral infections d. It results in hypoglycemia e. It alters wound healing - Correct Answer: ✅✅d. It results in hypoglycemia
93.Which of the following microorganisms is associated with puberty gingivitis? a. Prevotella intermedia b. Porphyromonas gingivalis c. Streptococcus mutans d. Treponema denticola e. Staphylococcus aureus - Correct Answer: ✅✅a. Prevotella intermedia
94.Which of the following terms is used to describe a gingival condition that is of long duration to only a few anterior teeth? a. Acute, localized b. Acute, generalized c. Chronic, localized d. Chronic, generalized - Correct Answer: ✅✅c. Chronic, localized
- The initial lesion is _______ dominated. - Correct Answer: ✅✅gram positive anaerobe
- The ______ lesion is considered to be chronic gingivitis. - Correct
Answer: ✅✅established
- B-lymphocytes predominate in the body's response to ________. -
Correct Answer: ✅✅established lesion
- Gingivitis - Correct Answer: ✅✅Inflammation of the gingival unit, no attachement loss
- Edema - Correct Answer: ✅✅Fluid filled
- Pregnancy gingivitis - Correct Answer: ✅✅Exaggerated response to plaque
- Lichen planus - Correct Answer: ✅✅Mucocutaneous disease
- Gingival pocket - Correct Answer: ✅✅No attachement loss, Inflammation of the gingival unit
- (??) Which of the following diseases has host cell abnormalities? a. Chronic periodontitis b. Localized aggressive periodontitis c. Necrotizing ulcerative periodontitis d. Necrotizing ulcerative gingivitis - Correct Answer: ✅✅b. Localized aggressive periodontitis
- High numbers of Aggregator actinomycetemcomitans are found in: -
Correct Answer: ✅✅localized aggressive periodontitis
- Which of the following terms describes periodontal disease that was previously treated, but did not respond favorably? a. Recurrent b. Refractory c. Aggressive d. Chronic e. Acute - Correct Answer: ✅✅b. Refractory
- (??) Which of the following events occurs first during the development of a periodontal pocket? a. Alveolar and supporting bone loss b. Destruction of periodontal ligament fibers c. Destruction of gingival connective tissue d. Apical migration of the junctional epithelium - Correct Answer: ✅✅d. Destruction of gingival connective tissue
- The surface cementum is rough because of the detachment of the
previously inserting connective tissue. - Correct Answer: ✅✅Both statement and reason are correct
- Vertical or angular bone loss occurs when the inflammation travels
directly from the gingival into the: - Correct Answer: ✅✅periodontal ligament
- The primary clinical feature of periodontitis is alveolar _____ loss. -
Correct Answer: ✅✅bone
