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The concept of ethics in public health through various definitions and principles. It covers medical ethics, public health ethics, research ethics, and the philosophy of public health. the importance of addressing the causes of disease, respecting individual rights, seeking community input, and striving for health for all. It also touches upon the use of power in public health, ethical conduct of research, and conflicting public health goals.
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and bad, with moral duty and obligation
individual or group
A Dictionary of Epidemiology, 4th ed, 2001
(J.M. Last (ed))
The branch of philosophy that dealswith distinctions between right andwrong – with the moralconsequences of human actions
(adapted from PH Leadership Society, 2002)
and requirements for health
implementation of policies/interventions
timely manner
and cultures
essence of community
community
necessary for health
fundamental requirements for healthycommunities; e.g., safe parks/recreationalareas
for policy decisions
quality research
values should inform policy decisions
resources individuals will act responsibly
fluoridation of water
mandatory condom use in brothels (Thailand,Nevada)
(especially relevant for developing countries)
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Impossible to reach the importantconclusions without studying humans^
Human physiologic studies, because
animal responses often are not the same
Epidemiological studies, because theythey depend on human susceptibilitiesand human interactions
Agents for treating humans becauseanimal experiments don’t always predictresults
History of the EthicalResearch Movement
-^
Informed consent is absolutely essential
-^
Qualified researchers must use appropriateresearch designs
-^
There must be a favorable risk/ benefit ratio
-^
Participants must be free to stop at anytime