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A Project Report
“ DESIGN AND ANALYSIS OF AUXETIC
STRUCTURES ”
Submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the award of the degree of Bachelor of Technology In Mechanical Engineering Submitted by Suril Shah U18ME Anant Thakkar U18ME Shivam Patel U18ME Ninad Sonavane U18ME Dhrumil Thakkar U16ME Guided by
Dr. SHAILENDRA KUMAR
Professor MED, SVNIT
Year 2021 - 22
Department of Mechanical Engineering
Sardar Vallabhbhai National Institute of Technology
Surat – 395007, Gujarat, India
ii D DEECCLLAARRAATTIIOONN OOFF AACCAADDEEMMIICC IINNTTEEGGRRIITTYY We, the undersigned, registered for the Bachelors’ Degree at Department of Mechanical Engineering, Sardar Vallabhbhai National Institute of Technology, hereby declare that B. Tech. Final Year Project entitled “Guidelines for Preparation of Project Report” submitted by Name of student 1 (U55ME555), Name of student 2 (U66ME666), and Name of student 3 (U77ME777) is based on our own work and has been carried out under the guidance and supervision of Name of guide , Designation (Professor, Asso. Prof., Asst. Prof), Mechanical Engineering Department, Sardar Vallabhbhai National Institute of Technology, Surat. The data and information which we have used from various sources have been duly acknowledged. We declare that this written submission represents our ideas presented in our own words and where others’ ideas or words have been included, we have adequately cited and referenced the original sources. We also declare that We have adhered to all principles of academic honesty and integrity and have not misrepresented or fabricated or falsified any idea/data/fact/source in our submission. We understand that any violation of the above will be a cause for disciplinary action by the Institute and can also evoke penal action from the source which have thus not been properly cited or from whom proper permission has not been taken when needed. We further declare that this work has not been previously submitted by us to any other university/institute for the award of any degree or diploma or for any other purpose. Date: DD/MM/YYYY Place: SVNIT, Surat Signatures Name of student 1 U55ME Name of student 2 U66ME Name of student 3 U77ME
Department of Mechanical Engineering
Sardar Vallabhbhai National Institute of Technology
Surat – 395007, Gujarat, India
iv
C CEERRTTIIFFIICCAATTEE FFRROOMM TTHHEE GGUUIIDDEE
This is to certify that the Project report entitled “Guidelines for Preparation of Project Report” submitted by Name of student 1 (U55ME555), Name of student 2 (U66ME666), and Name of student 3 (U77ME777) in partial fulfilment for the award of the degree in Bachelor of Technology in Mechanical Engineering during the academic year 2021 - 22, of the Sardar Vallabhbhai National Institute of Technology, Surat is a record of their own work carried out under my supervision and guidance. The matter embodied in the report has not been submitted to any other university or institute for award of any degree or diploma. Date: DD/MM/YYYY Place: SVNIT, Surat Guide Name of guide Head, DoME Name of Head, DoME
Department of Mechanical Engineering
Sardar Vallabhbhai National Institute of Technology
Surat – 395007, Gujarat, India
v
E EXXAAMMIINNEERRSS’’ AAPPPPRROOVVAALL CCEERRTTIIFFIICCAATTEE
This is to certify that the Project report entitled “Guidelines for Preparation of Project Report” submitted by Name of student 1 (U55ME555), Name of student 2 (U66ME666), and Name of student 3 (U77ME777) in partial fulfilment for the award of the degree in Bachelor of Technology in Mechanical Engineering during the academic year 20XX-XX, of the Sardar Vallabhbhai National Institute of Technology, Surat is hereby approved. Date: DD/MM/YYYY Place: SVNIT, SURAT Examiners: Signatures
- Name of Examiner 1
- Name of Examiner 2
- Name of Examiner 3 Chairperson:
- Name of Chairperson
vii Table of Contents Page Declaration of Academic Integrity ii Acknowledgment iii Certificate from the supervisor iv Examiners’ approval certificate v Abstract vi List of Figures ix List of Tables xi Nomenclatures xiii
Chapter 1: Introduction^1
1.1 (^) Motivation 1 1.1.1 (^) Global status of the selected theme 1 1.1.2 (^) The current installations of the selected theme - globally 3 1.1.3 (^) Status of the selected theme development in India 4 1.2 (^) Comparison 6 1.3 (^) Classification 9
Appendix^262
References^273
List of Publications^290
viii
x
xi List of Tables Table No. Description Page No. 1.1 Caption of Table 1.1 XX 2.1 Original^ reference^ must^ be^ cited^ if data are^ used^ from^ other^ source^ XX 3.1 First^ page^ of List^ of^ Tables^ must^ started^ from^ odd^ page^ (right^ hand^ page)^ XX
xiii Nomenclatures Symbol Description unit A Description of the symbol m^2 Bi It should be arranged in alphabetical order. Different symbols for Nm Cx same quantity should be avoided Symbols and its units must be written in italic fonts W Dij First^ page^ of^ the^ nomenclatures^ must^ started^ from^ odd^ page^ (right hand page)
σT (^) Tensile Stress N/mm 2
xiv
Chapter 1 Introduction Preamble While utmost attention must be paid to the content of the project report, which is being submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements of the degree, it is imperative that a standard format be prescribed. 1.1 Organization of the report The thesis shall be presented in a number of chapters, starting with Introduction and ending with Summary and Conclusions. Each of the chapters will have a precise title reflecting the contents of the chapter. A chapter can be subdivided into sections, sub•sections and sub•sub•section so as to present the content discretely and with due emphasis.
1.1.2 Introduction
The title of Chapter 1 shall be Introduction. It shall justify and highlight the problem posed, motivation, define the topic and explain the scope of the work presented in the report. It may also highlight the significant contributions from the investigation.
1.1.3 Review of Literature
This shall normally form Chapter 2 and shall present a critical appraisal of the previous work published in the literature pertaining to the topic of the investigation. The extent and
Chapter 1 Introduction emphasis of the chapter shall depend on the nature of the investigation. The direct copy of the sentences from the used references must be avoided. The similarity of the report should preferably less than 15%, however never more than 20%. The chapter should clearly have concluded with the preliminary research gap found and specific aim decided for the project.
1.1.4 Report on the present investigation
The reporting on the investigation shall be presented in one or more chapters with appropriate chapter titles. Due importance shall be given to experimental setups, procedures adopted, techniques developed, methodologies developed and adopted. Important derivations/formulae and obtained key results in tabular or graphical form should normally be presented in the text of these chapters. Representative data in table and figures may, however, be included in appropriate chapters. Figures and tables should be presented immediately following their first mention in the text. Short tables and figures (say, less than half the writing area of the page) should be presented within the text, while large table and figures may be presented on separate pages. Equations should form separate lines with appropriate paragraph separation above and below the equation line, with equation numbers flushed to the right. Each chapter should follow with a comprehensive results and discussion topic. It shall include a thorough evaluation of the investigation carried out and bring out the contributions from the study. The discussion shall logically lead to inferences and conclusions as well as scope for possible further future work. The extensive and long treatments, copious details and tedious information, detailed results in tabular and graphical forms may be presented in Appendices.
1.1.5 Summary and Conclusions
This will be the final chapter of the thesis. A brief report of the work carried out shall form the first part of the Chapter. Conclusions derived from the logical analysis presented in the Results and Discussions Chapter shall be presented and clearly enumerated, each point stated separately. Scope for future work should be stated lucidly in the last part of the chapter. 2
Chapter 1 Introduction (iii) Type •Setting, Text Processing and Printing The text shall be printed employing LaserJet or Inkjet printer, the text having been processed using a standard text processor, like MS Word or Latex editor. The standard font shall be Times New Roman of 12 pts with 1.5-line spacing. (iv) Page format The details of the written area of the Printed Sheets is given in table 1.1. Table 1.1 Page formatting of the Printed sheet Sr. No. Details Size 1 Top margin 1.5 cm 2 Bottom margin 2.21 cm 3 Inside 3.0 cm 4 Outside 2.0 cm 5 Header 1.27 cm 6 Footer 1.27 cm Left and Right Margins: The candidates shall have the options of single- or double-sided printing. Single sided print: odd number page, left margin 30mm, right margin 20 mm Double sided print: odd number page, left margin 30mm, right margin 20 mm even numbered page, left margin 20mm, right margin 30mm. (v) Pagination Page numbering in the text of the thesis shall be Hindu Arabic numerals at the center of the footer. But when the candidates opts for header style the page number shall appear at the right and left top corner for the odd and even number pages, respectively. Page number “1” for the first page of the Introduction chapter shall not appear in print, only the second page will bear the number “2”. The subsequent chapters shall begin on a fresh page (fresh odd number page in case of double-sided printing). When header style is chosen the first page of each chapter will not have the header and the page number shall be printed at the center of the footer. 4
Chapter 1 Introduction Pagination for pages before the Introduction chapter shall be in lower case Roman numerals, e.g., “iv”. (vi) Header When the header style is chosen, the header can have the Chapter number and title both in italic fonts, preferably with the bottom continuous line to indicate the separation with the main text. (vii) Paragraph Vertical space between paragraphs shall be about 12pt spacing or can start with one blank line in between the two paragraphs. A paragraph should normally comprise more than one line. A single line of a paragraph shall not be left at the top or bottom of a page (that is, no windows or orphans should be left). 1.3 Chapter and Section Format
1.3.1 Chapter
Each chapter shall begin on a fresh page (odd number page in case of double-sided printing) with an additional top margin of approximately 7.5cm. Chapter number (in Hindu Arabic) and title shall be printed at the center of the line in 6mm font size (18pt) in bold face using first font of Each Word Capitalized or all words UPPERCASE. A vertical gap of about 25pt shall be left between the Chapter number and Chapter title lines and between chapter title line and the first paragraph.
1.3.2 Sections and Sub•sections
A chapter can be divided into sections, subsections and sub-subsections so as to present different concepts separately. Sections and sub•sections can be numbered using decimal points, e.g., 2.2 for the second section in Chapter 2 and 2.3.4 for the fourth Sub• section in third Section of Chapter 2. Chapters, Sections and Sub•sections shall be included in the contents with page numbers flushed to the right. Further subsections need not be numbered or included in the contents. 5
