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DCF CHILD GROWTH AND
DEVELOPMENT CGAD EXAM 2025 –
COMPLETE QUESTIONS AND 100%
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What are the blueprints for cells? - -- <> ---Genes- They contain all the instructions necessary to create the human body. What are genes made up of? - -- <> ---Large,complex molecules called DNA. What is a genotype disorder? - -- <> ---A defect existing in the genetic material from either the father or mother and may be inherited by the child. How many characteristics are determined through heredity factors? - -- <> ---Hundrends but not all of them are favorable. Temperment describes what? - -- <> ---The emotional response of a child
Define temperment - -- <> ---A prevailing or dominant quality that characterizes a person. Define personality - -- <> ---The totality of a person's attitudes, interests,behavioral patterns,emotional responses,social roles and individual traits that endure over long periods of time. What is heredity? - -- <> ---The blend of physical and temperamental charecteristics inherited by a child from the birth parents. Inherited characteristics may have positive or negative influences on a child. What are some facts about birth order? - -- <> ---*Birth order affects a child by determing how he sees himself. *Research shows that generalizations can be made as to the typical characteristics of placement. *Firstborn children are more likely to go to college. *Middle children seem to have the strongest feelings of neglect by parents, often feeling that they were "squeezed out" by the other siblings. The youngest child may be more pampered and creative. What are some facts about The Only Child? - -- <> ---Be the center of attention;often enjoys position.May feel special. *Relys on service from others rather than own efforts. *Felt more incompetent because adults are more capable. *Feel unfairly treated when he doesn't get his own way. May refuse to cooperate. *Play "divide and conquer" to get his own way
What are some facts about The Youngest Child? - -- <> ---*Behave like an only child.May feel that everyone is bigger and more capable. *Remain "The Baby." If youngest of three,often alies with oldest against middle child. *Felt smallest and weakest *Not taken seriously *Boss of family A child in good health has a better opportunity to do what? - -- <> --- Grow with fewer developmental challenges than an unhealthy child. What happens when a child has a high number of illnesses,accidents,injuries,and diseases? - -- <> ---They are more likely the child will encounter a developmental delay. What is health status? - -- <> ---A critical influence on the growth and development of a child from the pre-natal period through each age and stage. What factors affect the health of children? - -- <> ---Socio-economic status,gender, and race. How does being healthy generally happen? - -- <> ---When a child eats well,gets a lot of physical activity and exercise,and has a healthy weight.
What healthy behaviors have to be started with young children and continued through adolescence? - -- <> ---Sufficient rest,exhibiting appropriate emotions,behaviors and response to discipline appropriate for the age,practicing oral hygiene and developing speech and language proficiency. What happens when a child is healthy? - -- <> ---His body works well,feels good,and can do all the things he wants to do. What are several practiceses you can use to assist with overweight children? - -- <> ---*Don't reward children for good behavior or try to stop bad behavior with treats. *Don't insist that children finish all the food on their plates. *Do provide healthy foods and drinks *Teach the children why these foods and drinks are healthy. *Plan activities that give children numerous opportunities to engage in physical play and exercise. *Sharing information with parents on the healthy eating,as well as the exercise the children are participating in while in child care,could remind them of improvements they could make at home. What can disturb or delay normal development? - -- <> ---Impairment resulting from prenatal problems, trauma during birth,accidents,illness,or disease that damages the body or mind. What is important during the early years while rapid growth is occuringand while bones and muscles are maturing? - -- <> ---A child's nutritional intake
Where does parental responsibility begin? - -- <> ---With good pre- natal care What is (FAS)? - -- <> ---Fetal Alcohol Syndrom. It results in a variety of mental and physical defects that develop inunborn babies when the mother drinks too much alcohol during pregnancy. What are symptoms of FAS? - -- <> ---Growth,skeletal,facial,organ and central nervous system abnormalities. Examples of Possible Physical Disabilities: - -- <> ---*Difficulty with large muscle motor activities such as climbing stairs,crawling,riding a tricycle. *Frequently walking or bumping into things. *Shows a lack of energy Difficulty with activities such as building a tower of blocks. Examples of Possible Visual Problems: - -- <> ---Difficulty in seeing distant things clearly. *Holds toys or books very close to eyes *Rubs eyes frequently Blinking eyes often when doing work Examples of possible Hearing Problems: - -- <> ---Poor speech,omits sounds,loud voice.
*Does not understand directions. *Does not <> when called. *Trouble paying attention in large group activities. *Often gives the wrong <> s to the questions. *Avoids playing with other children. Becomes tires early in day Examples of Possible Speech or Language Problems: - -- <> ---No speech by age two *Does not use two or three word sentences by age three. *Difficulty understanding after age three. *Stutters after age five *Has poor voice quality Problems understanding what is said. Examples of Possible Learning Problems: - -- <> ---Unable to follow directions because they cannot remember what was said. *Frequently bumping into things,knocking things over. *Unable to see differences in size,shape and color *Cannot remember what is seen or heard. Cannot tell the difference betweensounds and textures. Examples of Possible Attention Problems: - -- <> ---Acts very quickly without thinking about consequences.
Children gain control of the head and neck first, then the arms, and finally, the legs. At birth, the brain, heart, and spinal cord are fully functioning to support the infant. As children grow, the arm and leg muscles develop, followed by the finger and toe muscles. Differences in growth: - -- <> --->Some children are taller, some shorter. Some children are smaller, while others are larger. These differences are completely typical. Typical growth is supported by good nutrition, adequate sleep, and regular exercise. Children do not grow at perfectly steady rates throughout childhood. Children will experience weeks or months of slightly slower growth, followed by growth spurts. Differences in the amount of growth can be a source of self-consciousness for some children. *are typical If you detect that a child is self-conscious about his/her size, how would you help him/her work on increasing his/her self-acceptance? - -- <> ---Either individually or with a group of children, talk about how things are different but equally important and valuable. You could use the example of a litter of puppies or kittens that are different colors and sizes, both larger and smaller. While they are different, they are all special and will grow into wonderful dogs or cats. You could also use different fruits, kinds of ice cream—and finally differences in people—to help the child or children understand that differences are not bad, but rather make each person special.
If you have some concern about a growth-related issue involving a child, how would you approach this issue with the parent(s)? - -- <> ---Share information about typical growth patterns with the parent(s). You may wish to share it with all your parents. After going over this information with the parent(s), you could ask them if they have any questions or concerns and if they have had any discussions with the child's doctor. If you detect the parent(s) have not had much interaction with a doctor and do not connect the growth information with their child, gently explain your concerns and have available local resources for medical care if the family needs that assistance. Make sure all discussions occur in a calm and confidential manner. Principle 1 - Developmental Sequence is Similar for All - -- <> ---
Children develop in relatively the same ways. There is a typical sequence of development that occurs as a child grows. While the sequence is similar, and the behaviors or skills emerge in the same order, children can take more or less time with each behavior or skill. They can move forward, regress for a short time, then move forward again. Some children may skip a behavior or skill as they move forward. Principle 2 - Development Proceeds from General to Specific - -- <> --- Development progresses from a beginning point moving in a forward direction. Just as growth of an infant proceeds from the top down and from the center of the body to the limbs, development of behaviors and skills moves from general to specific. As children mature, their bodily changes occur in a sequential order and give children new abilities.
Development is never uniform, but it is constant. Principal 5 - All Areas of Development are Interrelated - -- <> --- Development in children is interrelated. There are several examples in Principles 1 through 4 that show how the body has to grow and develop before new behaviors and skills can occur. These examples also demonstrate the first two of five areas of development, called domains. These five domains of development are Physical Development, Cognitive Development and General Knowledge, Language and Communication, Social and Emotional Development, and Approaches to Learning. Each area of development influences development in other areas. Each of these developmental domains can be defined by one or more characteristics. The characteristics of the Physical Development Domain involve increased physical growth and abilities. There are many characteristics of the Cognitive Development and General Knowledge Domain, and the Approaches to Learning Domain, which include thinking, planning, creating, exploring, and questioning. The Language and Communication Domain includes a child's abilities to see, hear, speak, read, and write. The Social and Emotional Development Domain is defined by forming relationships and attachments. Why should child care professionals learn about principles of child development? - -- <> --->Care and the environment can support or hinder development. The knowledgeable caregiver can support a child in learning new skills.
When a child is struggling with a new skill, timely intervention can help him/her overcome a problem and "catch back up." The knowledgeable caregiver can "detect" indicators of possible delays and can help get the child the assistance he/she needs. Knowledge of child development is essential to working effectively with children. Development in young children occurs rapidly. You must recognize the existence of general stages and sequence of development, as well as the enormous variation that there are among children. Module 2: What is a theory? - -- <> ---is a set of facts or principles analyzed in relation to one another and used to explain phenomena. A phenomena is a fact or behavior that can be observed. Abraham Maslow: Hierarchy of Needs - -- <> ---1. the physical
- comfort and safety
- social
- self-esteem
- self-actualization. Level 1: Physical - -- <> ---Air to breathe Shelter to protect Water to drink Food to eat Clothes to wear
Positive formal social support network Level 4: Self-Esteem - -- <> ---Adequacy Confidence Importance Sense of competency as parent, worker, significant other Sense of efficacy, capability Sense of resiliency, hopefulness Ability to cope and problem solve Sense of well-being (individual to family levels) Opportunities for enjoyment Level 5: Self-Actualizing - -- <> ---Fulfill one's life with purpose and meaning Being all that one is able to be Spirituality Personal emotional response Refinement of interpersonal skills (empathy, communication, relating) Enhancement of understanding of relationships with child(ren), family, community, self Erik Erikson developed ___ psychosocial stages through which humans develop during their lifetimes. He assumes that humans are driven by, and are constantly trying to channel, powerful inner forces. - -- <> --- 8
Erikson's theory on emotional and personality development - -- <> --- describes eight conflicts that must be resolved at stages throughout life. Age: Infant - -- <> ---Conflict: Trust v. Mistrust Meaning:
Trust is developed over time by providing an infant with a consistent, comforting environment. When needs are met, trust is established. Trust builds an emotional foundation. A lack of trust can result in poor emotional stability. Age: Toddler - -- <> ---Conflict: Autonomy vs. Shame and Doubt Meaning: Toddlers need to explore their own bodies and environment in order to become confident about themselves. When autonomy is allowed, a person can become comfortable with his/her choices. A lack of autonomy can result in a feeling of shame or insecurity. Age: Preschool - -- <> ---Conflict: Initiative vs. Guilt Meaning: Four- or five-year olds begin to develop an interest in exploring beyond themselves.
Meaning:
Between the ages of 18 to 35, young adults are exploring the development of relationships. Young adults need the opportunity to develop close relationships with family, friends, and partners. A lack of intimate relationships can lead to individuals feeling isolated and alone. Age: Middle Adult - -- <> ---Conflict: Generativity vs. Stagnation Meaning: Between the ages of 35 to 64, adults are seeking a sense of accomplishment in life through family and career. Adults need to see progress in their careers or success in their contributions to society. A lack of accomplishment often leads to feelings of resentment and regret. Age: Late Adult - -- <> ---Conflict: Integrity vs. Despair Meaning: After the age of 65, adults seek meaning in their lives. Adults are reflecting on their accomplishments and fulfillment in life. A lack of achievement may lead to despair in the final years. What does Erikson's theory mean to a child care professional? How can you, as a child care professional, support a positive outcome in each of the first four conflicts? - -- <> ---Create a relationship with your children that is based on trust.
Allow your children to exercise autonomy whenever it is safe and practical. Guide your children to initiate activities or portions of activities whenever it is safe and practical. Promote the building of your children's creativity during activities. Piaget's four stages of cognitive development - -- <> ---explain how children interact with their environment to construct knowledge. Each of Piaget's stages represents a change from one type of thought or behavior to another and builds on the stage before. According to Piaget, children develop the ability to learn in ____ basic stages: Stages of Cognitive Development - -- <> --- 4 Sensorimotor: 0-2 years old - -- <> ---Children learn through sensory perception and motor activity. Preoperational: 2-7 years old - -- <> ---Children are bound by what they experience directly and not by what they think. Children begin to use symbols (one thing that represents another). For example, using sand to make a cake. Children are egocentric; their thinking centers on themselves. They can't see things from another point of view or from another perspective. For example, they do not realize that when they stand in front of the TV, no one else can see it. Concrete-Operational: 7-11 years old - -- <> ---Children become more rational in their thinking. For example, realizing that Santa Claus probably doesn't exist.
