Database Development: Process, Management, and Information Engineering, Study notes of Database Management Systems (DBMS)

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1

Module 03: Module 03:

The Database Development The Database Development

Process And Management Process And Management

( Database Management )

Chapter 2 2

Information Systems Architecture Information Systems Architecture

(ISA) (ISA)

 Overall blueprint for organization’s information

systems

 Consists of:

• (^) Data (Enterprise Data Model – simplified ER Diagram)
• (^) Processes – data flow diagrams, process decomposition, etc.
• (^) Data Network – topology diagram (as shown in next figure)
• (^) People – people management using project management tools (Gantt charts, etc.)
• (^) Events and Points in Time (when processes are performed)
• (^) Reasons for events and rules (e.g. decision tables)

Chapter 2 4

Information Engineering Information Engineering

 (^) A data-oriented methodology to create and maintain information systems

 Top-down planning approach.

 (^) Four steps:

• (^) Planning  (^) Results in an Information Systems Architecture
• (^) Analysis  (^) Results in functional specifications …i.e. what we want
• (^) Design  (^) Results in design specifications …i.e. how we’ll do it
• (^) Implementation  (^) Results in final operational system

Chapter 2 5

Information Systems Planning Information Systems Planning

Strategy development

– IT Planning to meet Corporate strategy

Three steps:

1. Identify strategic planning factors

2. Identify corporate planning objects

3. Develop enterprise model

Chapter 2 7 Information Engineering Planning Phase: Step Explanation

1. Identify strategic planning factors, a ) Goals b) Critical success factors c) Problem araes
2. Identify corporate planning objects, a) Organisational units b) Locations c) Business Functions d) Entity type
3. Develop an enterprise model, a) Functional Decompositions b) Entity relationship diagram c) Planning matrixes

Chapter 2 8

Identify Corporate Planning Identify Corporate Planning

Objects (table next) Objects (table next)

Organizational units

Organizational locations

Business functions – these might become

the users

Entity types – the things we are trying to

model

Information (application) systems

Chapter 2 10 Continued…. Business Functions Business planning Product development Material management Order fulfilment Order shipment Sales summerisation Product operation Finance and accounting Entity types CUSTOMER PRODUCT RAW MATERIAL ORDER WORKC CENTER INVOICE EQUIPMENT EMPLOYEE

Chapter 2 11

CONTINUED…..

Information system Transaction processing system Order tracking Order processing Plant scheduling Payroll Management Information System Sales Management Inventory control Production scheduling

Chapter 2 13

Enterprise Data Model Enterprise Data Model

 First step in database development

 Specifies scope and general content

 Overall picture of organizational data, not specific

design

 Entity-relationship diagram

 Descriptions of entity types

 Relationships between entities

 Business rules

Chapter 2 14 Segment from enterprise data model (Pine Valley Furniture Company) [simplified E-R diagram, repeat of figure 1.3] Enterprise data model describes the entities in an organization and the relationship between these entities

Chapter 2 16

Planning Matrixes Planning Matrixes

Function-to-data entity

Location-to-function

Unit-to-function

IS-to-data entity

Supporting function-to-data entity

• (^) which data are captured, used, updated, deleted

within each function

IS-to-business objective

Chapter 2 17 Example business function-to- Example business function-to- data entity matrix data entity matrix Business Planning X X X X Product Development X X X X Materials Management X X X X X X Order Fulfillment X X X X X X X X X Order Shipment X X X X X X Sales Summarization X X X X X Production Operations X X X X X X X Finance and Accounting X X X X X X X X Customer Product Raw Material Order Work Center Work Order Invoice Equipment Employee Business Function (users) Data Entity Types

Chapter 2 19 Systems Development Life Cycle Systems Development Life Cycle (figures 2.4, 2.5) (figures 2.4, 2.5) Project Identification and Selection Project Initiation and Planning Analysis Physical Design Implementation Maintenance Logical Design

Chapter 2 20 Systems Development Life Cycle Systems Development Life Cycle (figures 2.4, 2.5) (figures 2.4, 2.5) Project Identification and Selection Project Initiation and Planning Analysis Physical Design Implementation Maintenance Logical Design Purpose --preliminary understanding Deliverable –request for project Database activity – enterprise modeling